Allows the integration of IT components for digital operations

Handles one business function at a time. Ideal for 1:1 relationships

Connects sub-systems based on their related roles. • Simple but can be inflexible

Uses point-to-point connections between sub-systems. • Offers more flexibility but can be challenging to manage.

Uses a specialized subsystem (Enterprise Service Bus) as a standard user interface layer. • Reduces the number of connections needed for integration.

specializes in implementing, managing, and maintaining IT systems

A Microsoft proprietary platform for remote system access. • Allows COM objects to communicate over the network. • Supports various network transportations, including TCP/IP

for distributed object communication. • ORBs enable client and server programs to communicate across different languages and network locations

for remote object calls. • Primarily runs on a Java Virtual Machine. • Provides a framework for building distributed applications in Java.

software accessible on the internet using a structured XML messaging framework.