EDtest 23.01.2026

Protein-energy malnutrition is characterized by:

• High appetite

• Muscle mass loss

• Hyperinsulinemia

• Weight gain

Which drug is recommendation for treating cachexia?

• Megestrol acetate

• Cannabinoids

• SARMs

• NSAIDs

Indication for nutritional treatment includes:

• Mild appetite loss

• Inability to maintain daily intake >60% for >10 days

• BMI >25

• Short-term fasting <3 days

Case: 68-year-old woman, BMI 19, 6% weight loss in 3 months. Appropriate intervention:

• parenteral nutrition only

• no intervention

• ONS

• surgery

Indicate the false statement/s:

• Precachexia requires immediate nutritional intervention

• Cachexia can occur in overweight patients

• Insulin resistance is a feature of cachexia

• Dysphagia is an absolute contraindication for all enteral feeding

Indicate the true statement/s:

• Rapid initiation of full caloric intake in high-risk malnutrition patients reduces the risk of refeeding syndrome

• Standard polymeric enteral diets provide sufficient nutrients for all patients, including those with malabsorption syndromes

• High energy density enteral diets (2 kcal/mL) are recommended for fluid-restricted patients

• Combined enteral and parenteral nutrition is never indicated in high-risk patients

A 75-year-old woman with chronic heart failure has BMI 21, recent 6% weight loss, low appetite, and CRP 12 mg/L. The most suitable first-line nutritional intervention is:

• ONS and dietary counseling

• Parenteral nutrition immediately

• No intervention

• Tube feeding only

In a patient with cachexia, which mechanism contributes most to skeletal muscle loss?

• Inadequate dietary intake alone

• Increased protein degradation and reduced synthesis

• Excess fluid intake

• High BMI

A hepatic diet is characterized by:

• High aromatic amino acids content

• Increased BCAA, reduced aromatic amino acids, increased MCT

• Low fat, high sugar

• High protein, high phosphorus

Which diet is suitable for dialysis patients?

• Low-protein, reduced electrolytes

• High carbohydrate, low fat

• High MUFA, high fiber

• High-protein, reduced P and K