Topic 1

Which of these would lead to cross-cultural interactions?

• Companies outsourced work to other countries

• Companies hire staff from all over the world

• A Singapore company decided to venture overseas

"Culture is the mental programming of the mind that distinguishes the member of one group or category of people from another" [Hofstede, 2001].

Which of these does NOT describe "mental programming"?

• It is an expectation produced by society and taught to its members since early childhood

• It is a learnt attitude of life and a set of expected behaviours that can lead to stereotyping  

• It takes place through socialisation – the process that transmits values from one generation to another

• It is unique to an individual

• Differences are only in the minds of the people within the same culture

Which of these are characteristics of culture?

• Culture is acquired or learned gradually through our environment

• Aspects of culture are not independent

• Culture is internalised

• Culture is shared within a group

• Culture is explicitly taught

Collectively, symbols, heroes, rituals and values describe the _____ of culture.

(type in small letter & singular form)

The outer, most superficial layer of culture.

• values

• rituals

• symbols

• heores

Which of these are examples of symbols?

• words

• beliefs

• pictures

• flags

• dressing

Individuals, admired and respected in a culture, role models, etc.

• values

• rituals

• symbols

• heroes

What are the collective activities and ceremonies in a culture?

• values

• rituals

• symbols

• heroes

Which of these describe "values'?

• associated with beliefs and principles

• inferred from the way people act under various circumstances

• innermost layer of culture

• visible representations of culture

____ --> what you deemed as important

____ --> what you think is true

____--> words, thoughts & action influenced by values and beliefs

• values

  beliefs

  actions

• values

  beliefs

  attitudes

• culture

  beliefs

  attitudes

• heroes

  beliefs

  rituals