Protein Synthesis

What is the role of proteins in the body?

• Transportation

• Structure

• Enzymes

• All of the above

Answer explanation

Proteins play several roles in the body. They act as enzymes, speeding up chemical reactions. They provide structure to cells and tissues. They also transport substances, such as oxygen, around the body. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is 'All of the above'.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

Where is DNA located in the cell?

• Nucleus

• Cytoplasm

• Ribosome

• Mitochondria

Answer explanation

DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is located in the nucleus of the cell. This is because the nucleus is the control center of the cell, where it stores and protects the DNA. The other options, cytoplasm, ribosome, and mitochondria, while important parts of the cell, do not house the DNA.

What is the first step in protein synthesis?

• Transcription

• Translation

• Replication

• Mutation

Answer explanation

The first step in protein synthesis, as per the question, is 'Transcription'. This process involves the synthesis of mRNA from the DNA template. The other options, 'Translation', 'Replication', and 'Mutation', occur at different stages or are different processes altogether. Therefore, 'Transcription' is the correct answer.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

What is the function of RNA polymerase in transcription?

• Connects complementary RNA bases to DNA

• Builds ribosomes

• Edits mRNA

• Transfers amino acids

Answer explanation

RNA polymerase plays a crucial role in transcription, a process in which a segment of DNA is copied into RNA. Its function is to connect complementary RNA bases to the DNA strand, thereby creating an RNA strand. This is why the correct answer to the question is 'Connects complementary RNA bases to DNA'.

Where does transcription occur in the cell?

• Nucleus

• Cytoplasm

• Ribosome

• Mitochondria

Answer explanation

Transcription is the process where the DNA sequence is copied into mRNA, which carries the genetic information to the ribosomes for protein synthesis. This process occurs in the nucleus of the cell, which houses the DNA. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is 'Nucleus'.

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

• Carries the message from DNA

• Builds ribosomes

• Edits tRNA

• Transfers amino acids

Answer explanation

mRNA, or messenger RNA, plays a crucial role in protein synthesis. It carries the genetic information copied from DNA in a form that the protein synthesis machinery can read. This information is used to build proteins, which is why the correct answer is 'Carries the message from DNA'.

What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

• Carries amino acids

• Builds ribosomes

• Edits mRNA

• Transfers DNA

Answer explanation

tRNA, or transfer RNA, plays a crucial role in protein synthesis by carrying amino acids to the ribosome, where they are assembled into proteins. It does not build ribosomes, edit mRNA, or transfer DNA. Its primary function is to transport the necessary amino acids for protein construction.

What is a codon?

• A sequence of three RNA bases

• A sequence of three DNA bases

• A sequence of three amino acids

• A sequence of three proteins

Answer explanation

A codon is a sequence of three RNA bases. It is an essential component of the genetic code, as it specifies a particular amino acid during protein synthesis. DNA bases are organized in triplets, but it's the RNA bases that form codons during transcription. Amino acids and proteins are not sequences but rather the building blocks and products of the genetic code, respectively.

What is the function of a stop codon?

• Codes for an amino acid

• Indicates the end of protein building

• Transfers amino acids

• Edits mRNA

Answer explanation

A stop codon functions to indicate the end of protein building during translation. It does not code for an amino acid, transfer amino acids, or edit mRNA. Instead, it signals the termination of protein synthesis, allowing the completed protein to be released from the ribosome.

What is the end result of translation?

• A chain of amino acids

• A chain of nucleotides

• A chain of lipids

• A chain of carbohydrates

Answer explanation

The end result of translation is a chain of amino acids. Translation is the process by which the genetic information in mRNA is used to synthesize proteins. During this process, ribosomes read the mRNA sequence and assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain, which eventually forms a functional protein.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1