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It produce goods can, like manufacturers, adopt either a make-to-order or a make-to-stock approach to manufacturing them.

involved in the transformation process may include both people who are directly employed by the organization and those contracted to supply services to it. They are sometimes described as ‘labor’.

have long-term consequences and involve a great deal of expense and resource commitments.

produces goods in high volume with low variety.

they decide which services to offer, how to provide these services, where to locate their businesses, what their facilities will look like, and what the demand will be for their services.

managers determine how goods will be produced, where production will take place, and how manufacturing facilities will be laid out.

customized to satisfy the specific needs of a customer.

have short to medium term impact on the organization, less commitment of resources, and can be changed more easily.

• Services cannot be touched, shipped, handled, or looked at.

Managers must continually schedule and monitor the activities that make up that process. They must solicit and respond to feedback and adjust where needed.