Psyc 205 Chapter 9 Exam 3

Vygotsky believed that _____ is embedded in the social context at every age.

• cognitive development

• private speech

• social meditation

• brain maturation

Nora and her mother are shopping for a present for Nora’s friend’s sixth birthday. Nora’s mom shows her a puzzle with dogs on it, and Nora says, “It’s pretty, but I don’t think Gracie will like it because she’s scared of dogs.” This statement demonstrates that Nora has developed:

• animism

• theory of mind

• private speech

• social mediation

Because most 3-year-olds have not yet developed a theory of mind, it is difficult for them to:

• tell the truth

• show their emotions

• tell a plausible lie

• engage in private speech

Theory of mind:

• develops gradually but typically appears by age 4.

• occurs in predictable phases over a period of two to three years between the ages of 4 and 8.

• occurs in predictable phases over a period of two to three years between the ages of 8 and 12.

• does not occur until the formal operational stage of cognitive development is reached.

What is Piaget’s term for cognitive development between the ages of about 2 and 6?

• concrete operational

• formal operational

• preoperational intelligence

• sensorimotor

Children in the preoperational stage have advanced past sensorimotor intelligence because they can think in a manner in which one thing can stand for something else, a concept referred to as:

• theory-theory

• symbolic thought

• pragmatics

• static reasoning

From the point of infancy onward, _____ is more acute than vocalization.

• proprioception

• fine motor skills

• hearing

• reading skills

According to research, children who are exposed to more than one language in early childhood:

• are able to learn and separate the two languages

• become confused and are unable to separate the two languages

• usually end up with impaired language development

• can become fluent in one of the languages but not the other

Many children apply conventional pluralization to everything—for example, saying “tooths” instead of “teeth.” This error is best described as an example of:

• a language shift

• static reasoning

• overimitation

• overregulation

Which of the following makes early childhood ideal for language development?

• animism, centration, and egocentrism

• focus on appearance, static reasoning, and irreversibility

• intelligence, theory of mind, and age

• myelination, scaffolding, and social interaction