European Dominance in the First Global Age

What was the primary hazard for sailors at Cape Bojador?

• Sea monsters

• Shallow water

• Violent waves and currents

• Reefs

What did Portuguese sailors gain from sailing in the open ocean?

• Gold

• Trade routes

• Knowledge and experience

• Navigational tools

What region did the Portuguese sailors reach by the end of the 1400s?

• India

• China

• Africa

• The Americas

What were the two key changes that marked Europe's revival after the Black Death?

• Trade and exploration

• Political and economic changes

• Religious and cultural shifts

• Technological advancements

Which European city-states grew rich from Mediterranean trade with Muslims?

• Venice and Genoa

• London and Paris

• Madrid and Lisbon

• Berlin and Vienna

What were the main products traded by the Hanseatic League?

• Silk and spices

• Grains and wool

• Ivory and pepper

• Fish and iron

What replaced commercial fairs as trade between European port cities increased?

• Direct trade

• International treaties

• Colonial outposts

• Trade routes

What allowed European nation-states to mobilize resources for overseas ventures?

• Partnerships with businesses

• Religious support

• Colonial expansion

• Technological advancements

What advantage did Europe have over other regions due to economic competition among nation-states?

• Innovation

• Natural resources

• Military power

• Cultural diversity

Which European states had ports on the Atlantic Ocean?

• Spain and Portugal

• England and France

• The Netherlands

• All of the above