QQ-5

What is the primary mechanism for gene insertion in transgenic plants?

• Spontaneous mutation

• Natural gene rearrangement

• Introduction of foreign genes into the plant's DNA

• Crossbreeding with other plant species

How does tracrRNA (trans-activating CRISPR RNA) contribute to the CRISPR system?

• It directly targets foreign DNA

• It encodes the Cas9 protein

• It binds to the Cas9 protein and guides crRNA to the correct target

• It stores information about previous encounters with bacteria

What does the term "PAM" stand for in the context of the CRISPR-Cas system?

• Protein Alignment Marker

• Protospacer Adjacent Motif

• Pre-Adaptation Mechanism

• Post-Alignment Module

Which PAM sequence is recognized by the commonly used Cas9 protein from Streptococcus pyogenes?

• NNN

• GGA

• NGG

• ATC

How does the dual Cas9 system outperform the single Cas9 system in gene editing?

• Enhanced bacterial cell division

• Enhanced probability of obtaining a meaningful mutation

• Exacerbated off-target effects

• Streamlined guide RNA complexity

What is the role of Agrobacterium tumefaciens in the process of plant genetic editing using CRISPR-Cas9?

• To analyze the edited plants

• To select and cross plants for homozygous mutations

• To serve as vector for delivering genetic material into plants

• To examine the phenotypic changes in edited plants