Biology Mid-Term Study Guide

The diagram at the top shows a section of DNA before replication. Which picture shows the DNA segment after replication?

• A

• B

• C

• D

How are DNA and RNA similar and different?

• DNA is double stranded with A,T,C,G as it's bases, and cannot leave the nucleus. RNA is single stranded with A,U,C,G and can leave the nucleus

• RNA is double stranded with A,T,C,G as it's bases, and cannot leave the nucleus. DNA is single stranded with A,U,C,G and can leave the nucleus

What is the central dogma of biology?

• RNA > DNA > Protein

• DNA > RNA > Protein

• Protein > DNA > RNA

What is the mRNA strand that will match the DNA strand AGC CAT GTA TAC?

• TCG GTA CAT ATC

• UCG GUA CAU AUG

• TGG GUA CAU UTG

What is transcription?

• The process of making a protein from an RNA sequence.
• The process of making a DNA copy of an RNA sequence.
• mRNA converts DNA into proteins.

• mRNA copies DNA inside the nucleus.

What is the process of converting mRNA into a protein sequence at the ribosome called?

• Transcription

• Translation

• Decifering

What amino acid does GCA code for?

• glycine
• valine
• alanine
• aspartic acid

What is a possible mRNA codon for Valine?

• AUG
• UAA
• CGA
• GUC

Use the chart to transcribe and translate the following DNA Code to its final Amino Acid Sequence:

DNA – TAC CGC TCC GCC GTC ACT

mRNA - _______________________

Amino Acids:  ________________________

• Methionine-Alanine-Arginine-Arginine-Glutamine-Stop
• Methionine-Alanine-Arginine-Glutamine-Stop
• Methionine-Arginine-Arginine-Glutamine
• Methionine-Alanine-Arginine-Arginine-Glutamine

What type of mutation has occurred in this situation?

Original DNA strand: ATC-TAC-AGT.

Mutated DNA strand: ATA-TAC-AGT.

• deletion
• substitution
• insertion
• duplication