Quiz about Earth and Space Science CHAPTER 4 Earth's Minerals and Rocks

Question 1

Quartzite is a _______

Accepted Answer

Non-Foliated

Answer

Foliated

Question 2

__________ is a metamorphosed quartz sandstone

Accepted Answer

Quartzite

Answer

Schist

Answer

Gneiss

Answer

Marble

Question 3

A ________ metamorphic rock is banded with minerals showing alignment

Accepted Answer

Foliated

Answer

Non-foliated

Question 4

Select all possible answers:

Which of the following metamorphic rocks are foliated?

Accepted Answer

Schist

Accepted Answer

Phyllite

Accepted Answer

Slate

Answer

Quartzite

Question 5

Which of the following rocks is formed by regional metamorphism?

Accepted Answer

Gneiss

Answer

Andesite

Answer

Basalt

Answer

Hornfels

Question 6

Metamorphic rocks are altered by heat and pressure.

Accepted Answer

TRUE

Answer

FALSE

Question 7

Heat and pressure change the physical and chemical nature of a rock.

Accepted Answer

TRUE

Answer

FALSE

Question 8

Sediment can only be found in bodies of water.

Accepted Answer

FALSE

Answer

TRUE

Question 9

Which type of sedimentary rock is formed by the crystallization of chemical precipitates?

Accepted Answer

Chemical sedimentary rocks

Answer

Biochemical sedimentary rocks

Answer

Clastic sedimentary rocks

Answer

None of the above

Question 10

Which is a common chemical sedimentary rock?

Accepted Answer

Rock salt

Answer

Granite

Answer

Conglomerate

Answer

Slate

Question 11

Shale is made from:

Accepted Answer

Clay

Answer

Jagged, angular rocks

Answer

Round rocks

Answer

Sand

Question 12

Limestone can be considered both a chemical or organic sedimentary rock.

Accepted Answer

TRUE

Answer

FALSE

Question 13

Lithification creates:

Accepted Answer

Clastic or bioclastic sedimentary rocks

Answer

Igneous rocks

Answer

Fossiliferous metamorphic rocks

Answer

Chemical sedimentary rocks

Question 14

Which of the following is an important depositional feature in sedimentary rocks?

Accepted Answer

Cross-bedding

Answer

Compaction

Answer

Cementation

Answer

Lithification

Question 15

Fill in the blank:

________ sedimentary rocks form as minerals precipitate from a fluid rather than being squeezed and cemented together.

Accepted Answer

Chemical

Answer

Clastic

Answer

Combined

Question 16

Which of the following can result in the formation of sedimentary rock?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Answer

The accumulation of shell fragments

Answer

The cementation of former sand deposits

Answer

Lake sediment that is squeezed together by overlying sediment

Question 17

Which environment would you be most likely to find sedimentary rocks?

Accepted Answer

River deltas

Answer

Near active volcanoes

Answer

Mountain ranges

Answer

Deep ocean trenches

Question 18

What type of rock is formed by the deposit of sediments compacted together?

Accepted Answer

Sedimentary

Answer

Metamorphic

Answer

Igneous

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT an example of sediment?

Accepted Answer

Cement

Answer

Sand

Answer

Wilt

Answer

Pebble

Answer

Clay

Question 20

Select all possible answers:

How might an increase in global sea level influence the preservation of fossils in sedimentary rocks?

Accepted Answer

It can cause the erosion and destruction of sedimentary rock layers, resulting in the loss of some fossils

Answer

Fossils will become compressed and flattened as a result of the increased pressure from rising sea levels

Answer

It has no impact on the formation and preservation of fossils in sedimentary rocks

Answer

More fossils will form due to the greater deposition of sediment

Question 21

Select all possible answers:

What happens to sediments before they can form a sedimentary rock?

Accepted Answer

Transportation

Accepted Answer

Deposition

Answer

Weathering

Answer

Cooling

Question 22

Mafic magma forms ________ as an extrusive rock and _________ as an intrusive rock.

Accepted Answer

Basalt, gabbro

Answer

Basalt, granite

Answer

Andesite, diorite

Answer

Rhyolite, granite

Question 23

Which pair of intrusive and extrusive rocks belongs to the same composition category?

Accepted Answer

Andesite, diorite

Answer

Rhyolite, diorite

Answer

Diorite, darite

Answer

All of the above

Question 24

Which rock type is dark in color?

Accepted Answer

Mafic

Answer

Felsic

Question 25

Magma cooling underground forms large crystals.

Accepted Answer

TRUE

Answer

FALSE

Question 26

Pumice makes up most of the seafloor.

Accepted Answer

FALSE

Answer

TRUE

Question 27

Which of the following is an example of igneous rock?

Accepted Answer

Granite

Answer

Obsidian

Answer

Basalt

Answer

Pumice

Question 28

Why do intrusive igneous rocks have large crystals?

Accepted Answer

Because magma cools slowly

Answer

Because magma cools quickly

Answer

Because they are exposed to low temperatures

Answer

Because they have a low density

Question 29

What is another term for an intrusive igneous rock?

Accepted Answer

Plutonic

Answer

Volcanic

Answer

Sedimentary

Answer

Metamorphic

Question 30

Which of the following describes the main difference between igneous rocks from continental and oceanic crust?

Accepted Answer

Oceanic crust is mostly basalt and gabbro, while continental crust is mostly granite

Answer

Oceanic igneous rocks have higher silica content than continental igneous rocks

Answer

Continental igneous rocks are mostly mafic in composition, while oceanic igneous rocks are mostly felsic

Answer

Oceanic igneous rocks are more resistant to weathering and erosion than continental igneous rocks

Question 31

Which type of igneous rocks contain aluminum and sodium are high in silica?

Accepted Answer

Felsic

Answer

Quartz

Answer

Olivine

Answer

Mafic

Question 32

Igneous rocks form when magma cools and forms crystals. How does the rate at which the magma cools affect the appearance of the rock?

Accepted Answer

It affects the texture of the rock

Answer

It affects the heat of the rock

Answer

It affects the location where the rocks can be found

Answer

It affects the colors of the rock

Question 33

Sedimentary rocks form when existing rocks are transformed by heat and pressure.

Accepted Answer

FALSE

Answer

TRUE

Question 34

Select all possible answers:

You are exploring a volcanic island and come across two different types of rocks. One has large, dark-colored crystals, while the other has smaller, light-colored crystals. Which type of igneous rocks do you think you've found based on your observations of the rock, and what factors contribute to the differences in crystal size and color?

Accepted Answer

The rock with smaller, light-colored crystals is most likely a felsic igneous rock, formed from faster cooling of magma rich in aluminum and sodium

Accepted Answer

The rock with large, dark-colored crystals is most likely a mafic igneous rock, formed from the slow cooling of magma rich in iron and magnesium

Answer

The rock with smaller, light-colored crystals is most likely mafic igneous rock, formed from faster cooling of magma rich in aluminum and sodium

Answer

Both rocks are likely to be intermediate igneous rocks, formed from a balanced composition of magma and moderate cooling rates

Question 35

What happens to rocks when subjected to extreme heat and pressure?

Accepted Answer

They change in composition and texture

Answer

They are deposited as sedimentary rock

Answer

They convert to igneous rock

Answer

They are crushed into sediments

Question 36

Select all possible answers:

How can intense heat and pressure affect existing metamorphic rocks?

Accepted Answer

Intense heat and pressure cause the minerals in metamorphic rocks to recrystallize

Accepted Answer

Intense heat and pressure cause metamorphic rocks to melt and become igneous rocks

Answer

Intense heat and pressure cause metamorphic rocks to weather and erode

Answer

Intense heat and pressure cause metamorphic rocks to break apart into sediments

Question 37

The rock cycle describes how one rock type transforms into another

Accepted Answer

TRUE

Answer

FALSE

Question 38

What is one type of rock that is NOT made from minerals?

Accepted Answer

Coal

Answer

Basalt

Answer

Jade

Answer

Granite

Question 39

Select all possible answers:

Which rock type can be made into a metamorphic rock?

Accepted Answer

Igneous rock

Accepted Answer

Metamorphic rock

Accepted Answer

Sedimentary rock

Question 40

The rock in the image formed from the compaction of river sediment from a river delta. What type of rock is depicted in the image?

Accepted Answer

Sedimentary

Answer

Igneous

Answer

Metamorphic

Question 41

The minerals in a rock can give clues about how the rock was formed. What influences how different minerals form?

Accepted Answer

Environmental conditions

Answer

Colors

Answer

Rock cycles

Answer

Eras

Question 42

What is the molten rock inside the Earth called?

Accepted Answer

Magma

Answer

Lava

Answer

Plasma

Answer

None of the above

Question 43

A mineral that forms when water evaporates is _________

Accepted Answer

Halite

Answer

Gold

Answer

Silver

Answer

Diamond

Question 44

Magma erupts out of Earth as:

Accepted Answer

Lava

Answer

Plasma

Answer

Latex

Answer

None of the above

Question 45

Minerals form from hot water in this way:

Accepted Answer

Hot underground water dissolves materials from rocks, but then as the water moves through the rock it cools and precipitates minerals

Answer

Hot water dissolves materials as it moves through the rock, but then the water evaporates and leaves behind minerals

Answer

Hot water contains minerals that precipitate when the water evaporates away

Answer

As pressure on the hot water lowers, minerals are stable and precipitate from the water

Question 46

How do minerals form?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Answer

Deposits from groundwater

Answer

Crystallization of magma

Answer

Evaporation of saltwater

Question 47

Luster is the physical property that describes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

How shiny or dull the mineral appears

Answer

What color mark the mineral leaves when scraped on the white tile

Answer

How quickly the mineral sinks through water

Answer

How hard the mineral is to break

Question 48

Why does halite break into cubes?

Accepted Answer

This is the way the weaker chemical bonds break

Answer

It fractures along perpendicular planes

Answer

Its fibers are perpendicular to each other and that is how it breaks

Question 49

Breaking a mineral doesn't break its chemical bonds

Accepted Answer

FALSE

Answer

TRUE

Question 50

Which mineral has the distinctive property of reactivity to acid?

Accepted Answer

Calcite

Answer

Magnetite

Answer

Fluorite

Answer

Sulfur

Question 51

Which of the following would display the reactivity (a chemical property) of a mineral?

Accepted Answer

Bubbles when touched by acid

Answer

Is easily scratched by a piece of quartz

Answer

Has a shiny surface

Answer

Breaks easily when struck with a chisel

Question 52

A mineral's cleavage describes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The pattern or patterns according to which it breaks

Answer

The mineral's ability to resist being scratched

Answer

What kind of mark it leaves on white tile

Answer

The way light reflects off the surface

Question 53

__________ make up over 90% of Earth's crust

Accepted Answer

Silicates

Answer

Carbonates

Answer

Halides

Answer

Phosphates

Question 54

Silicate minerals are made up of

Accepted Answer

Silica tetrahedra, which may be bound to other elements

Answer

Calcium, iron and magnesium in any number bonded with silica in a pyramid shape

Answer

One silicon atom bound to three oxygen atoms to form a geometric shape

Answer

Silica pyramids, which are bound only to each other, but in different structures

Question 55

Select all possible answers:

Which of the following elements are part of the largest mineral group?

Accepted Answer

Magnesium

Accepted Answer

Iron

Answer

Carbon

Answer

Barium

Question 56

In how many ways can silica tetrahedra combine?

Accepted Answer

6

Answer

4

Answer

8

Answer

5

Question 57

Minerals have a specific chemical composition.

Accepted Answer

TRUE

Answer

FALSE

Question 58

A crystal is a solid in which atoms are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern.

Accepted Answer

TRUE

Answer

FALSE

Question 59

The bonds between atoms in a diamond are weak.

Accepted Answer

FALSE

Answer

TRUE

Question 60

What is a solid in which the atoms are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern?

Accepted Answer

Crystal

Answer

Rock

Answer

Gemstone

Answer

Molecule

Earth and Space Science CHAPTER 4 Earth's Minerals and Rocks

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