Activity 2.5: Quiz 2 (reading materials)

Write the definition of restorative justice as defined by Howard Zehr.

• Restorative justice is a theory that focuses on punishing criminals rather than repairing harm.
• Restorative justice is a theory of justice that emphasizes repairing the harm caused by criminal behavior.
• Restorative justice is a process that seeks to isolate criminals from society.
• Restorative justice is a punishment-based approach to criminal behavior.

Describe 2 milestones in the history of restorative justice.

• Introduction of restorative justice in the United States in the 1980s and implementation of restorative justice in European countries in the 1990s
• Creation of the first restorative justice organization in Australia in the 1960s and inclusion of restorative justice in the criminal justice system of New Zealand in the 2000s
• Development of restorative justice practices in South Africa in the 1990s and integration of restorative justice in the education system of Brazil in the 2010s
• Establishment of first restorative justice program in Canada in the 1970s and adoption of restorative justice principles by the United Nations in 2002

Describe 3 pillars of restorative justice according to Zehr.

• Retribution and punishment
• Isolation and exclusion
• Harm and needs, Obligation and engagement, Transformation and healing
• Deterrence and fear

Describe 2 misconceptions of restorative justice by giving examples at school setting.

• Restorative justice only benefits the school administration and does not benefit the students.
• Restorative justice is a soft approach that lets students off the hook without consequences and that it only focuses on the needs of the offender, neglecting the needs of the victim.

• Restorative justice is a time-consuming process that hinders academic progress.
• Restorative justice is a harsh punishment that does not consider the circumstances of the offense.

Describe 2 principles from the Bible that are expressed in restorative justice.

• forgiveness and reconciliation
• isolation and exclusion
• revenge and retaliation
• retribution and punishment