Leininger's theory identifies a lack of cultural and care knowledge as the missing link to nursing. Which concept did she develop to address this gap?

• A) Care Diversity

• B) Culture Clash

• C) Culturally congruent care

• D) Cultural Complexity

Leininger earned a Ph.D. in anthropology before her Master of Science in Nursing. (a)  

• TRUE
• FALSE

LABEL THE SUNRISE MODEL.

a

b

c

d

e

NURSING CARE

FOLK SYSTEM

PROFESSIONAL SYSTEM

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

WORLDVIEW

In Leininger's theory,______________________ refers to the variabilities and/or differences in meanings, patterns, values, lifeways, or symbols of care within or between collectives related to assistive, supportive, or enabling human care expressions.

Match the terms to their correct definitions.

• A) The knowledge gained from direct expe

• 3. Ethnonursing

• C) The study of nursing care beliefs, values, and practices as known by a designated culture.

• 1. Emic

• B) The knowledge describing the professional perspective.

• 2. Etic

Leininger is considered by some to be the "Margaret Mead of nursing" due to:

• A) Her extensive work in mental health nursing

• B) Her contributions to culturally congruent care

• C) Her involvement in pediatric care research

• D) Her pioneering work in obstetric nursing

In Leininger's theory, caring is viewed as secondary to curing and healing.

• 
• 

Match the correct components of the Sunrise Model

• Cultural care preservation

• 3. Involves acts that help people maintain their cultural values.

• Cultural care accommodation

• 1. Involves enabling clients to reorder, change, or modify lifeways.

• Cultural care diversity

• 2. Focuses on universal care meanings among many cultures.

Leininger's work primarily focused on which healthcare system?

• A) Emergency Medicine

• B) Psychiatric Nursing

• C) Trauma Care

• D) Transcultural Nursing

According to Leininger, while _________ is universal across cultures, caring may be demonstrated through diverse expressions, actions, patterns, lifestyles, and meanings.