Psychology: Classical and Operant Conditioning

What is the main focus of behaviorist psychology?

• Observable behaviors and internal mental processes

• Observable behaviors only

• Internal mental processes only

• Neither observable behaviors nor internal mental processes

What did Ivan Pavlov study before his experiments on conditioning?

• Human stomachs

• Dog stomachs

• Cat stomachs

• Bird stomachs

What did Pavlov pair with the meat powder in his experiments?

• A certain sound

• A shining light

• A touch on the leg

• All of the above

What is associative learning?

• The process of acquiring new information through observation

• The process of acquiring new behaviors through thinking

• The process of linking certain events or stimuli together in conditioning

• The process of adapting to the environment through experience

What did Pavlov's research help pave the path for?

• More experimental rigor in behavioral research

• The study of human stomachs

• The development of psychoanalysis

• The understanding of internal mental processes

Who conducted the controversial experiment on 'Little Albert'?

• Ivan Pavlov

• B.F. Skinner

• John B. Watson

• Sigmund Freud

What did John B. Watson condition 'Little Albert' to fear?

• A white rat

• A loud noise

• A furry animal

• A fur coat

What is the main premise of operant conditioning?

• Associating stimuli with behaviors

• Associating behaviors with consequences

• Associating thoughts with behaviors

• Associating emotions with consequences

What did B.F. Skinner design to study operant conditioning?

• An operant chamber

• A Skinner Box

• An air crib

• A climate controlled box

What is positive reinforcement?

• Increasing a behavior by taking away an aversive stimulus

• Increasing a behavior by giving a reward after a desired event

• Decreasing a behavior by giving a punishment

• Decreasing a behavior by taking away a reward