AP Gov Unit 3 Review

The United States Supreme Court has used which of the following to incorporate the Bill of Rights into state law?

• The necessary and proper clause

• 14th Amendment

• The Judiciary Act of 1789

• The Voting Rights Act of 1965

The Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution, the Equal Rights Amendment, and Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 were all directed toward the goal of

• racial justice

• equality for women

• affirmative action

• protecting the rights of minority children in the schools

The United States Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was based on which of the following?

• The Fourteenth Amendment’s due process clause

• The Fourteenth Amendment’s guarantee of equal protection

• The Fourth Amendment’s exclusionary rule

• The First Amendment’s right to freedom of expression

Which of the following best defines civil liberties?

• The freedom to refuse to obey laws an individual considers to be immoral violations of civil rights

• Provisions in the Bill of Rights that provide guarantees against arbitrary interference by government

• Precedents pertaining to criminal procedure that are set by the Supreme Court that are upheld in the lower courts

• Laws passed by Congress to define the powers and privileges of individuals

The process of extending the protections of the Bill of Rights by means of the Fourteenth Amendment to apply to the actions of state governments is known as

• judicial review

• Incorporation

• broad construction

• federalism

Civil rights activists, such as those who advocated for racial equality in the 1950s and 1960s, often find the most effective way to secure those rights is

• through mass demonstrations to raise awareness of their cause

• through lobbying of individual members of Congress for support on legislation

• through litigation in the courts to gain legal protections against discrimination

• by persuading presidents to issue executive orders that prevent discrimination within the federal workforce

The establishment clause in the First Amendment does which of the following?

• Guarantees freedom of speech to all citizens.

• Prevents prior restraint of the press.

• Prohibits the setting up of a state church.

• Defines the concept of dual citizenship.

During an investigation, police officers find illegal drugs while searching a home for which they did not acquire a warrant. Which of the following would prevent the drugs from being used as evidence at trial?

• The writ of habeas corpus

• the exclusionary rule

• Miranda warning

• The protection against ex post facto

The free-exercise clause protects

• the president from forcibly revealing private conversations with staff

• voluntary prayer by student groups before school

• It allows citizens to disobey laws that they believe to be unjust

• a person’s right to burn the American flag

Which of the following is most likely to be considered speech that is protected by the First Amendment?

• A group of people who are upset with a judge’s decision stage a protest on the judge’s private property.

• A newspaper publishes a factually untrue article that defames the reputation of a public individual.

• An individual posts something on social media that is highly critical of the president.

• A person threatens to commit an act of violence in an online video.