U5 Post Review

The graph shows the relationship between hillside slope and frequency of debris flows during four winters in the Santa Paula area of Ventura County, California. A land developer is considering building in the Santa Paula area. Based on the information in the graph, the land developer would want to avoid areas with which of these slopes?

• 0-5°

• 12-18°

• 22-28°

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS3-2

NGSS.MS-ESS3-4

A lahar is a mixture of water and rock fragments that can flow down a volcano after an eruption. Based on the characteristics of their adjacent volcanoes, which of these areas would have the lowest probability of experiencing a lahar after an eruption?

• a farmstead in Iceland, near volcanoes and massive glaciers

• a city in Colombia, next to a volcano with a snow-covered peak

• a ranch in Hawaii, near a volcano that is rising up from the ocean floor

• a town in Washington state, next to volcanic ranges and a large river valley

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

NGSS.MS-ESS3-2

The seismic hazard map shows probable peak ground acceleration values during the next 50 years for areas in Washington and Oregon. Peak ground acceleration (PGA) is a measure of the intensity of an earthquake. PGA values are used to set building codes that protect structures from earthquake damage. In which area would the strictest earthquake building codes be needed, according to the map?

• western Washington

• eastern Washington

• western Oregon

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS3-2

A farmer has a steeply sloping pasture that is eroding. Which is the best option to stop the immediate erosion of the topsoil?

• Removing all vegetation to prevent further erosion
• increase the amount of vegetation on the slope pasture

• Planting cover crops or grasses to stabilize the soil and reduce erosion.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-5

A volcano releases a towering plume of toxic ash and gases into the atmosphere. Which of these would best allow scientists to warn officials of a need for evacuation of people living far away from the volcano?

• computer modeling of movement of the atmosphere

• an accurate measurement of the height of the volcano

• a careful count of the number of people living near the volcano

• an estimate of the number of gas masks available for emergency personnel

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-5

NGSS.MS-ESS3-2

Many houses are built on the sides of hills. Which of these actions would best prevent houses from sliding down hills after heavy rainfalls?

• increasing the slope of the hill

• spraying herbicides on the hill

• adding plants to the hill

• removing grass from the hill

The table below contains information about the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory's SO₂ (sulfur dioxide) response plan for the Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. If instruments at the volcano observatory detect SO₂ levels from 425 to 477 ppb during a half-hour interval, observatory staff take which of the following actions?

• cancel nature walks

• business as usual

• dispatch alerts to staff

• close the visitor center

The following table shows the number of insurance claims submitted to cover damage caused by sinkholes in six counties in Florida. A business owner in Hernando County who has experienced sinkhole damage decides to relocate her business. In which county would the business owner have the lowest probability of property damage from sinkholes?

• Alachua

• Hillsborough

• Pinellas

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS3-2

Select the two processes in the rock cycle that must occur in order for magma to be converted to igneous rock.

• crystallization

• cooling

• heating

• pressure

Marta was studying a diagram of the rock cycle. She wanted to know what could cause a sedimentary rock to become a metamorphic rock. Select the two processes that must occur in order for a sedimentary rock to change into a metamorphic rock.

• heating

• crystallization

• compaction

• pressure