Enlightenment in European History

What is the Enlightenment?

• A period of political change in Europe

• A time of religious revival in Europe

• A movement that emphasized rational investigation and challenged traditional ideas

• A series of wars and conflicts in Europe

What were some of the everyday changes occurring during the Enlightenment?

• Increased abundance and novelty in European lives

• Shifts in social classes and trade

• Introduction of new foods from the Americas

• All of the above

Who was a writer that criticized outmoded ways of life during the Enlightenment?

• Voltaire

• Adam Smith

• Jean-Jacques Rousseau

• Charles-Louis de Secondat

What did Voltaire's novel Candide criticize?

• The monarchy and aristocracy

• Religious superstition

• Injustice and horrors in the world

• All of the above

What did Jean-Jacques Rousseau promote in his novel Emile?

• The importance of individual talents

• Middle-class values and hard work

• All of the above

• Natural behavior and simplicity

What were Enlightenment salons?

• Regular gatherings in homes to discuss ideas

• Fashion trends inspired by the Enlightenment

• Social movements for freedom and equality

• Philosophers who influenced society

Who wrote the Encyclopedia, a collection of texts promoting social and political reform?

• Olaudah Equiano

• Guillaume Raynal

• Denis Diderot

• David Hume

What did Adam Smith advocate for in his book The Wealth of Nations?

• Social and political reform

• Absolutism and subsistence agriculture

• Mercantilism and stockpiling gold

• Free trade and individualism

What did Emmanuel Kant emphasize in his philosophy?

• The abolition of slavery

• The importance of self-interest in the economy

• Individual reason and thinking for oneself

• Obedience to the general will

What did Moses Mendelssohn believe about the future of Jews in Europe?

• Jews would establish their own nation

• Jews would convert to Christianity

• Jews would achieve political power

• Persecution of Jews would soon end