E.5.8B Summative Studyguide

Figure 1 shows Ptolemy's model of the solar system, and Figure 2 shows Galileo's model. Scientists have accepted Galileo's model over Ptolemy's. What is the primary reason for this?

• Ptolemy's model has Earth at the center.

• Galileo's model has more planets in the solar system.

• Galileo's model has equal distances between all planets.

• Ptolemy's model has perfectly circular orbits for planets.

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NGSS.MS-PS2-4

What enabled Galileo in the 17th century to see the moons of Jupiter?

• Jupiter came close to Earth during his lifetime.

• He realized that all of the planets go around the Sun.

• He invented advanced tools for looking at the sky.

• Earlier scientists failed to take an interest in the sky.

Felicia noticed how air temperatures were cooler and there were fewer hours of daylight during some of the seasons. Choose all the factors that cause these seasonal changes.

• Earth rotates on its axis.

• Earth revolves around the Sun.

• The Sun has less energy in winter.

• Earth's axis is tilted compared to its orbit.

• The Sun moves further from Earth in winter.

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Tay is drawing the relationship of Earth to the Sun. He wants to show the position of Earth when it is summer in the Northern Hemisphere. Which drawing correctly shows this position?

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Alicia pointed out where she lives on a diagram with Earth and the Sun. Based on the diagram, what season would it be?

• fall

• spring

• summer

• winter

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The diagram shows the Moon in various positions around Earth. At which position would the Northern Hemisphere see a full moon?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

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During which phase of the moon could a solar eclipse take place?

• full moon

• new moon

• first quarter

• waxing crescent

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Natalie observed the Moon over a couple of weeks. Each night, the Moon appeared a little fuller. Natalie wants to predict which phase of the moon she can expect to see in the next few days. Based on Natalie's observations, which phase of the moon will appear next?

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-1

If a full moon occurs on March 1, which date during the same month would you see another full moon?

• March 8

• March 16

• March 23

• March 31

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-1

Jarrod enjoys fishing in the ocean. He notices the water is sometimes deeper than at other times of the day. What best explains the differences in water level in the ocean?

• The moon's gravitational pull on the Earth causes tides in the ocean to rise and fall.

• The tilt of the Earth causes water levels in the ocean to rise and fall.

• The speed of the Earth's rotation varies, which causes water levels in the ocean to rise and fall.

• The amount of reflected light from the Moon varies, which causes tides in the ocean to rise and fall.

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