Biotechnology and Gene Modification

Which of these statements correctly describes genetic engineering?

• using yeast to produce ethanol

• production of insulin in the pancreas

• altering the DNA in crop plants so that they are resistant to herbicides

• only breeding from crop plants that are resistant to pesticide

When making commercial apple juice, the fruit is crushed to separate cells and to release the cell contents. Chemical pectin is found between the cells. It holds the cells together, but it makes the extracted juice cloudy. Which process is used to produce a clear juice?

• crushing the apples to release chemical pectin

• adding more water to dissolve chemical pectin

• adding pectinase to digest chemical pectin

• boiling the juice to destroy chemical pectin

Which enzyme in a biological washing powder will help remove protein stains, such as blood?

• amylase

• protease

• pectinase

• lipase

Which method is used to produce lactose-free milk?

• filtering milk to remove lactose

• heating milk to break down lactose

• using lipase to denature lactose

• using lactase to break down lactose

What is the role of ligase enzymes in genetic engineering?

• to insert plasmids into bacteria

• to join human DNA with plasmid DNA

• to cut open plasmid DNA

• to isolate human genes

What are all reasons why bacteria are useful in genetic engineering?

• They have no mitochondria

• They have cell walls

• They have plasmids

• Their DNA is not in a nucleus

Which products of anaerobic respiration are important for making bread?

• simple sugar

• lactic acid

• carbon dioxide

• ethanol

Which microorganism is used to make cheese?

• Lactobacillus casei

• Rhizopus oryzae

• Lactobacillus bulgaricus

• Penicillium camemberti

Golden rice is a genetically engineered organism in which rice has been transformed with daffodil genes. This has advantages for humans, including.

• raises the carbohydrate levels

• increase beta-carotene levels

• treats illnesses

• boosts the sugar levels

These are the main advantages of soya plant herbicide resistance, except.

• reducing the number of times that farmers need to spray herbicides on their crops

• increasing yields and reducing labour costs

• producing ‘superweeds’ that can no longer be killed by herbicides

• reducing the number of occasions on which the herbicide might cause harm to other plants growing nearby.