Chapter 3 Attitudes and Job Satisfaction

______ refers to evaluative statements or judgments concerning objects, people, or events.

• Attitude

• Behavior

• Appearance

• Demeanor

Answer explanation

Attitudes are evaluative statements, either favorable or unfavorable, about objects, people, or events. They reflect how one feels about something

The statement, "A person who eats meat and then fights for animal rights demonstrates double

standards" is an evaluative statement. Such an opinion constitutes the ________ component of an

attitude.

• cognitive

• affective

• behavioral

• reactive

Answer explanation

The cognitive component of an attitude is a description of, or belief in the way things are, which is exemplified in the statement, "A person who eats meat and then fights for animal rights

demonstrates double standards.

The theory of cognitive dissonance was proposed by ________.

• Abraham Maslow

• Leon Festinger

• Geert Hofstede

• Daryl Bem

Answer explanation

In the 1960s, Leon Festinger argued that attitudes follow behavior. Festinger proposed that cases of attitude following behavior illustrate the effects of cognitive dissonance, any incompatibility an individual might perceive between two or more attitudes or between behavior and

attitudes.

Which of the following does cognitive dissonance indicate between two or more attitudes or

between behavior and attitudes?

• congruity

• tenacity

• consistency

• Incompatibility

Answer explanation

Cognitive dissonance is defined as any incompatibility an individual might perceive between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes.

Leon Festinger argued that ________ follow(s) ________.

• behavior; attitudes

• emotions; attitude

• attitudes; behavior

• thought processes; moods

Which of the following is most likely to be related to reduced absences and lower resignation rates?

• high cognitive dissonance

• high job involvement

• low organizational commitment

• high emotional contagion

Answer explanation

High job involvement is also related to reduced absences and lower resignation rates.

_______refers to a positive feeling about one's job resulting from an evaluation of its

• Job satisfaction

• Job design

• Positivity offset

• Constructive dismissal

Answer explanation

When people speak of employee attitudes, they usually mean job satisfaction, which describes a positive feeling about a job, resulting from an evaluation of its characteristics. A person with a high level of job satisfaction holds positive feelings about his or her job, while a person with a low

level holds negative feelings

High levels of both job involvement and psychological empowerment are positively related to

• positivity offset

• withdrawal behavior

• organizational citizenship

• cognitive dissonance

Answer explanation

High levels of both job involvement and psychological empowerment are positively related to organizational citizenship and job performance

Organizational commitment is defined as ________

• the degree to which employees identify with the organization they work for and its goals

• the state of discord caused by opposition of values between people working together

• the employee's degree of disagreement or differential opinions about organizational practices

Answer explanation

The degree to which an employee identifies with a particular organization and its goals and wishes to maintain membership in the organization is known as organizational commitment.

____is the degree to which employees believe the organization values their contribution and

cares about their well-being.

• Psychological empowerment

• Employee engagement

• Perceived organizational support

• Organizational commitment

Answer explanation

Perceived organizational support (POS) is the degree to which employees believe the organization values their contribution and cares about their well-being. Research shows that people perceive their organization as supportive when rewards are deemed fair, when employees have a voice in

decisions, and when they see their supervisors as supportive.