Biology EOC GA 2023

Recently state parks like Yellowstone which contain varieties of flowering trees and shrubs have started to erect signs that state, take nothing but pictures.

Which argument best supports why these signs are being placed?

• Flowering tree and shrub ecosystems can never fully recover once humans have adversely affected them because they are non renewable.

• Removal of flowering tree and shrubs will have a direct impact on the ecosystems by increasing biodiversity

• Humans cause damage to the stability of the ecosystems by removing the flowering tree and shrubs.

• Flowering tree and shrubs make the state parks more attractive and increase revenue for the parks.

Answer explanation

The correct choice highlights that removing flowering trees and shrubs disrupts ecosystem stability, justifying the signs to protect these vital components of the park's environment.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS2-7

Which explanations accurately describe how cell structures interact in order to maintain homeostasis? Select all that apply.

• The smooth endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi produce lysosomes.

• Molecules can enter the cell by passing through the cell membrane and may take part in chemical reactions within the cytoplasm.

• The cell wall and vacuole function to maintain the structure of plant cells

• The rough endoplasmic reticulum produces the lipid components of the cell membrane.

Answer explanation

Molecules entering the cell through the membrane participate in reactions, crucial for homeostasis. The cell wall and vacuole help maintain plant cell structure, supporting overall stability and function.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

After 70 years of absence, the gray wolf was reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park in 1995. After 1995, the elk population, which had been exploding, began to decline in numbers. Willows and aspen trees began to grow more abundantly on riverbanks. The beaver population began to increase, and songbirds were more abundant in the grasslands and riverbanks. What is the MOST LIKELY explanation for these events after the wolf was reintroduced?

• The wolves began preying on the elk, and the beaver started using the trees to make lodges.

• After the gray wolves came back to Yellowstone, the carrying capacity of the ecosystem increased

• The wolves' reintroduction altered the limiting factors for the elk, the beavers, the trees, and the songbirds

• The wolf's presence caused a decrease in the elk population, which allowed the riverside trees to grow more abundantly, which provided logs for the beavers' lodges and habitats for the songbirds

Answer explanation

The wolf's presence reduced the elk population, allowing riverside trees to thrive. This increase in vegetation provided materials for beaver lodges and created habitats for songbirds, illustrating a trophic cascade effect.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS2-6

NGSS.HS-LS4-5

Which statement is the correct explanation of the function of macromolecules in carrying out a major function in the cell?

• Lipids control the rate of cell reactions.

• Carbohydrates form waterproof coverings.

• Proteins are the main source of energy for the cell.

• Nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary information.

Answer explanation

Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, are essential for storing and transmitting genetic information, which is crucial for cell function and heredity. This distinguishes them from other macromolecules that serve different roles.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

Which explanation accurately describes how matter is transformed within the process of photosynthesis?

• In the light reactions, carbohydrates release hydrogen atoms and form carbon dioxide. The hydrogen atoms join with oxygen to form water molecules in the Calvin cycle.

• . In the Calvin cycle, carbohydrates release hydrogen atoms and form carbon dioxide. The hydrogen atoms join with oxygen to form water molecules in the light reactions

• The hydrogen and oxygen atoms of water are split in the light reactions, and oxygen is released. In the Calvin cycle, hydrogen atoms join with the carbon and oxygen atoms of carbon dioxide to form carbohydrates

• The hydrogen and oxygen atoms of water are split in the Calvin cycle, and oxygen is released. In the light reactions, hydrogen atoms join with the carbon and oxygen atoms of carbon dioxide to form carbohydrates.

Answer explanation

The correct choice explains that in the light reactions, water is split, releasing oxygen. In the Calvin cycle, hydrogen from water combines with carbon dioxide to form carbohydrates, accurately describing photosynthesis.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

NGSS.HS-LS2-5

Which argument provides evidence that BEST explains the interaction between an enzymatic protein and its substrate as a chemical reaction takes place?

• The enzyme has a specific structure so that only one substrate can bind to it. As the enzyme and substrate come together, the shape of each perfectly complements the other.

• The enzyme has a specific chemical composition so that only one substrate can bind to it. The chemicals in the enzyme and substrate cause them to be attracted to each other.

• . The enzyme has a specific chemical composition so that only one substrate can bind to it. The chemicals in the enzyme cause the components of the substrate to be repelled from each other.

• The enzyme has a specific structure so that only one substrate can bind to it. As the enzyme and substrate come together, the shape of the enzyme changes slightly so that it fits more snugly to the substrate.

Answer explanation

The correct choice highlights that the enzyme's specific structure allows it to bind only one substrate, and the slight change in shape upon binding (induced fit) enhances the interaction, making it the best explanation of the enzymatic reaction.

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-2

Which statement BEST describes how embedded proteins help a plasma membrane perform its function?

• They prevent waste material from leaving a cell.

• They prevent water molecules from entering a cell.

• They allow certain kinds of molecules to enter or leave a cell.

• They allow substances dissolved in water to enter or leave a cell.

Answer explanation

Embedded proteins in the plasma membrane function as channels or transporters, allowing specific molecules to enter or leave the cell, which is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis.

Sydney created a cell model for her science project as shown above. Sydney needs to label her model. Which statement BEST describes the type of model Sydney created?

• Sydney has created a plant cell model because only plant cells contain chloroplasts and a cell wall.

• Sydney has created an animal cell model because only animal cells contain a nucleus and a cell wall.

• Sydney has created a plant cell model because only plant cells contain cytoplasm and a cell membrane.

• Sydney has created an animal cell model because only animal cells contain chloroplasts and a cell membrane.

Answer explanation

Sydney has created a plant cell model because it contains chloroplasts and a cell wall, which are unique to plant cells. Animal cells do not have these structures.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-1

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

In a cell, the information that controls the production of proteins must pass from the nucleus to what other cell structure?

• mitochondrion

• cell membrane

• chloroplast

• ribosome

Answer explanation

The ribosome is the cell structure where protein synthesis occurs. Information from the nucleus, in the form of mRNA, is transported to the ribosome, where it directs the assembly of amino acids into proteins.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

An environmental toxin is discovered that interferes with certain cellular functions. When affected cells are examined, it is observed that proteins are normally found in the plasma membrane are instead found in the cytoplasm. Other proteins are also located improperly. Which structure is most likely affected by the toxin?

• Lysosomes

• Mitochondria

• Cell Wall

• Golgi apparatus

Answer explanation

The Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles. The mislocalization of proteins suggests that the toxin disrupts Golgi function, leading to improper protein distribution.