Civil Liberties

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an ex post facto law?

• It criminalizes an act that was previously legal.

• It increases the punishment for a previously committed crime.

• It changes the rules of evidence in a trial.

• It applies to all future crimes.

Why are ex post facto laws generally considered unfair?

• They violate the principle of separation of powers.

• They deprive people of fair notice of the law.

• They favor the wealthy and powerful over the poor.

• They are difficult to enforce.

What does the Free Exercise Clause guarantee?

• The right to practice any religion or no religion at all without government interference.
• The right to practice any religion only in private
• The right to practice any religion but with government interference
• The right to only practice the majority religion without interference

When can a law be upheld despite infringing on the Free Exercise Clause?

• When it serves a compelling state interest and is narrowly tailored to achieve that interest.
• When it is not challenged by any religious organization
• When it benefits a specific religious group
• When it is broadly applied to all religions

What does the Establishment Clause prohibit?

• The government from establishing a state religion

• The government from favoring one religion over another

• The government from interfering with religious practice

• The government from taxing religious institutions

What is a bill of attainder?

• A law that punishes an individual without a trial

• A law that retroactively changes the legal consequences of an action

• A law that restricts the freedom of speech or press

• A law that grants a title of nobility

Why are bills of attainder prohibited by the US Constitution?

• They violate the principle of separation of powers and the right to due process.
• To ensure a fair trial for all individuals
• To give more power to the executive branch
• Because they promote equality and justice

What right does the power of eminent domain give the government?

• The right to arrest and detain individuals without a warrant

• The right to regulate commerce

• The right to take private property for public use

• The right to make treaties with foreign governments

What is the "just compensation" clause associated with eminent domain?

• Compensation based on market value of the property
• Fair and reasonable compensation to property owners
• No compensation to property owners
• Unfair and unreasonable compensation to property owners

What is required to obtain a search warrant?

• Probable cause to believe that evidence of a crime will be found

• The consent of the person whose property is to be searched

• A warrant issued by a judge

• All of the above