Unit 4.5 The Enlightenment Part 1

What was the primary method used by Enlightenment philosophers to explore human nature and government?

• Artistic expression

• religious rituals

• the Scientific Method

• Meditation

According to the concept of Tabula Rasa, what does it mean about human nature?

• People are good.

• People are bad.

• People are born with original sin.

• People are born neutral, like an empty canvas.

Question 3: How does the idea of Tabula Rasa conflict with the Christian concept of original sin?

• Tabula rasa suggests people are naturally good, contrary to original sin.

• Tabula rasa and original sin are synonyms.

• None

• They are both Christian concepts

What term is used to describe the gatherings where Enlightenment thinkers, or "philosophes," discussed and applied reason to human affairs?

• Salons

• Parties

• Assemblies

• Conferences

What impact did Enlightenment philosophes have on the world during their gatherings in salons?

• They promoted superstition.

• They supported religious intolerance.

• They applied reason, contributing to revolution and religious tolerance.

• They discouraged critical thinking.

What did Thomas Hobbes argue about human behavior in the primitive "state of nature"?

• People were evil and selfish.

• People would help.

• People would make peaceful communities.

• People would live in harmony.

According to Hobbes, why do people consent to government?

• To increase their wealth

• To establish a sense of community.

• For protection from the selfish acts of others.

• To limit their individual freedom.

In Thomas Hobbes's view, what do individuals exchange for the government's protection?

• money

• personal possessions

• freedom

• social status

According to John Locke, what are the natural rights that people are born with?

• wealth, health, and happiness

• life, liberty, and property

• power, authority, and control

• fame, fortune, and freedom

What does John Locke mean by the term "consent of the governed"?

• People are forced to obey the government.

• People willingly create and follow governments to protect their natural rights.

• Governments have all the power.

• Absolute monarchies are the best form of government.