EOC Spot Check USHC.3.CO

Match each item with the correct entrepreneur from the Gilded Age.

Groups:

(a) Andrew Carnegie

,

(b) John D. Rockefeller

,

(c) J.P. Morgan

• Oversaw creation of General Electric

• Immigrated from Scotland

• Sold steel business to his competitor.

• Finaced the merger to create U.S. Steel

• Focus of muckraking journalist Ida Tarbell

• Standard Oil Company

Choose the three items that correctly identify some of the results of the Industrial Revolution of the 19th century.

• Non-elites gained economic and political power as a result of industrialization.

• Industrialization often resulted in the creation of cleaner water supplies.

• One unintended impact of the Industrial Revolution was a decrease in family size.

• The Industrial Revolution helped to strengthen working-class families.

• 19th-century feminist movements in the West were also concerned with abolition and property rights.

Answer explanation

The Industrial Revolution led to economic and political empowerment for non-elites, a decrease in family size, and feminist movements advocating for abolition and property rights.

Analyze the similarities and differences between the ideologies of Social Darwinism and Social Gospel.

Groups:

(a) Social Darwinism

,

(b) Both

,

(c) Social Gospel

• Examined the excesses of the rich.

• Supports big business

• Based on Darwin's theory of evolution.

• Supported lassiez-faire economic policies

• A Protestant moral reform movement.

• Tackles problems of urban industrial societies

• emphasized salvation through work.

• Examined the lot of poor in industrialized cities.

This political cartoon was published in 1894. Which trend does it refer to?

• The disparity in income between laborers and industrialists

• The involvement of government in private businesses

• The concern regarding safety conditions in factories

• The increasing power of unions in the United States

Answer explanation

This political cartoon refers to the disparity in income between laborers and industrialists, highlighting the economic inequality of the time.

One of the ways labor unions achieve their goals is by negotiating on behalf of all their members. What is the term for this?

• parity

• benefits package

• workforce mobility

• collective bargaining

Answer explanation

Collective bargaining is the term for labor unions negotiating on behalf of all their members to achieve their goals.

Which one of the following descriptions best describes 'horizontal integration'?

• When the government controls the factors of production

• A company owns all the businesses that supply it with raw goods

• When the government lets businesses operate without restrictions

• A company acquires competing businesses and merges them into a single entity

Answer explanation

Horizontal integration refers to a company acquiring and merging competing businesses into a single entity.

· Organized in 1869.
· Terrance Powderly was a famous leader.
· Over 700,000 members at its peak.
· Favored 8-hour work day, opposed child labor.
· Fell from importance in the 1890s.

These statements are describing which organization?

• The Knights of Labor.

• The National Labor Union.

• The American Federation of Labor.

• The Congress of Industrial Organizations.

Answer explanation

The organization being described is The Knights of Labor. It was organized in 1869, led by Terrance Powderly, and had over 700,000 members at its peak. It favored an 8-hour work day and opposed child labor. However, it fell from importance in the 1890s.

Which issue of the Gilded Age does this cartoon express?

• Owners of monopolies are powerless to help the people whom they employ.

• The government is interfering with the right of businesses to make a profit.

• The rights of the workers are becoming overshadowed by the power of big business.

• Modern workplaces are increasingly likely to burst into flame due to negligence.

Answer explanation

The cartoon expresses the issue of the rights of workers being overshadowed by the power of big business.

"Robber Barons" and "Captains of Industry", Andrew Carnegie, J.P Morgan, John D. Rockefeller, and Andrew Mellon, Monopolies, trusts, and controversial business practices, The "Gospel of Wealth" and "Social Darwinism". With which era of American history are these terms and people MOST closely associated?

• The Gilded Age

• Reconstruction

• The Progressive Era

• The Antebellum Period

Answer explanation

These terms and people are most closely associated with the Gilded Age, a period of controversial business practices, monopolies, and the ideologies of the Gospel of Wealth and Social Darwinism.

The term Robber baron refers to wealthy and powerful 19th-century American businessmen who used exploitative practices to amass their wealth.

A philanthropist is a person who makes an active effort to promote human welfare and make a positive impact on society.

Which is the BEST example of a "Robber baron" using his wealth in a "philanthropic" manner?

• Jay Gould and his involvement with the "Tammany Hall" political ring

• Cornelius Vanderbilt and the $1 million endowment he gave to Vanderbilt University

• Alexander Graham Bell using his capital to purchase all of the stock of his competitors

• The sale of Carnegie steel for $480 million to J.P. Morgan and the creation of U.S. Steel in 1901

Answer explanation

Cornelius Vanderbilt demonstrated philanthropy by giving a $1 million endowment to Vanderbilt University.