object and face recognition part 1

stimulation of a sensory receptor which produces neural impulses that the brain interprets as a sound, visual image, odour, taste, pain, etc.

• Sensation

• Perception

• Recognition

Answer explanation

Sensation - stimulation of a sensory receptor which produces neural impulses that the brain interprets as a sound, visual image, odour, taste, pain, etc.

Perception - the brain organizes the information and translates/interprets it into something meaningful or something that can be made sense of or rationalized.

Recognition - percepts are matched to stored representations in memory enabling categorization and identification.

the brain organizes the information and translates/interprets it into something meaningful or something that can be made sense of or rationalized

• Sensation

• Perception

• Recognition

Answer explanation

Sensation - stimulation of a sensory receptor which produces neural impulses that the brain interprets as a sound, visual image, odour, taste, pain, etc.

Perception - the brain organizes the information and translates/interprets it into something meaningful or something that can be made sense of or rationalized.

Recognition - percepts are matched to stored representations in memory enabling categorization and identification.

the brain organizes the information and translates/interprets it into something meaningful or something that can be made sense of or rationalized

• Sensation

• Perception

• Recognition

Answer explanation

Sensation - stimulation of a sensory receptor which produces neural impulses that the brain interprets as a sound, visual image, odour, taste, pain, etc.

Perception - the brain organizes the information and translates/interprets it into something meaningful or something that can be made sense of or rationalized.

Recognition - percepts are matched to stored representations in memory enabling categorization and identification.

percepts are matched to stored representations in memory enabling categorization and identification.

• Sensation

• Perception

• Recognition

Answer explanation

Sensation - stimulation of a sensory receptor which produces neural impulses that the brain interprets as a sound, visual image, odour, taste, pain, etc.

Perception - the brain organizes the information and translates/interprets it into something meaningful or something that can be made sense of or rationalized.

Recognition - percepts are matched to stored representations in memory enabling categorization and identification.

I.E. Perception is understanding sensory input, while recognition is identifying or labeling what's perceived based on memory or past experiences.

What is a memory representation of the three-dimensional structure of objects?

• Structural description

• Efference copy

• Firure-ground segregation

• Object recognition

• Object constancy

Answer explanation

A Model of Object RecognitionWard 2010, Adapted from Humphreys and Riddoch, 2001 Four broad stages…

1. Early visual processing, such as edges and bars of various lengths, contrasts and orientations, colour, motion, etc.) - considered in the previous lesson (vision)

2. Grouping of visual elements (Gestalt principles, depth cues, figure–ground segmentation). These visual representations, however, represent objects according to the observer’s viewpoint and object constancy is not present (an understanding that objects remain the same irrespective of differences in viewing condition)

3. Matching grouped visual descriptions onto a representation of the object stored in the brain (called structural descriptions). This stored knowledge is often assumed to represent only certain viewpoints and thus the matching process entails the computation of object constancy (i.e., an understanding that objects remain the same irrespective of differences in viewing condition). There may be two different routes to achieving object constancy, depending on whether the view is “normalized” by rotating the object to a standard orientation. In one route, the brain might rotate the object to a standard view before comparison to the stored representation. In one route, the brain might rotate the object to a standard view before comparison to the stored representation. This could be one way the brain ensures objects are recognized consistently despite variations in how they're seen. In the other way, the viewpoint is already stored.

4. Attaching meaning to the object (retrieved from semantic memory) , the name will be given.

At which of the 4 stages do the gestalt principles and figure-ground segmentation come into play?

• 2

• 3

• 1

• 4

• Object constancy

Answer explanation

A Model of Object RecognitionWard 2010, Adapted from Humphreys and Riddoch, 2001 Four broad stages…

1. Early visual processing, such as edges and bars of various lengths, contrasts and orientations, colour, motion, etc.) - considered in the previous lesson (vision)

2. Grouping of visual elements (Gestalt principles, depth cues, figure–ground segmentation). These visual representations, however, represent objects according to the observer’s viewpoint and object constancy is not present (an understanding that objects remain the same irrespective of differences in viewing condition)

3. Matching grouped visual descriptions onto a representation of the object stored in the brain (called structural descriptions). This stored knowledge is often assumed to represent only certain viewpoints and thus the matching process entails the computation of object constancy (i.e., an understanding that objects remain the same irrespective of differences in viewing condition). There may be two different routes to achieving object constancy, depending on whether the view is “normalized” by rotating the object to a standard orientation. In one route, the brain might rotate the object to a standard view before comparison to the stored representation. In one route, the brain might rotate the object to a standard view before comparison to the stored representation. This could be one way the brain ensures objects are recognized consistently despite variations in how they're seen. In the other way, the viewpoint is already stored.

4. Attaching meaning to the object (retrieved from semantic memory) , the name will be given.

At which stage of object recognition is object constancy achieved through structural descriptions?

• 2

• 3

• 1

• 4

• Object constancy

Answer explanation

A Model of Object RecognitionWard 2010, Adapted from Humphreys and Riddoch, 2001 Four broad stages…

1. Early visual processing, such as edges and bars of various lengths, contrasts and orientations, colour, motion, etc.) - considered in the previous lesson (vision)

2. Grouping of visual elements (Gestalt principles, depth cues, figure–ground segmentation). These visual representations, however, represent objects according to the observer’s viewpoint and object constancy is not present (an understanding that objects remain the same irrespective of differences in viewing condition)

3. Matching grouped visual descriptions onto a representation of the object stored in the brain (called structural descriptions). This stored knowledge is often assumed to represent only certain viewpoints and thus the matching process entails the computation of object constancy (i.e., an understanding that objects remain the same irrespective of differences in viewing condition). There may be two different routes to achieving object constancy, depending on whether the view is “normalized” by rotating the object to a standard orientation. In one route, the brain might rotate the object to a standard view before comparison to the stored representation. In one route, the brain might rotate the object to a standard view before comparison to the stored representation. This could be one way the brain ensures objects are recognized consistently despite variations in how they're seen. In the other way, the viewpoint is already stored.

4. Attaching meaning to the object (retrieved from semantic memory) , the name will be given.

What is a key stage in translating simple features into 3D descriptions of the world – essential for object recognition - and explains why certain visual features become grouped together to form perceptual wholes?

• Gestalt grouping

• View normalisation

• Structural descriptions

• Configurl processing

Answer explanation

In the 1930s Gestalt psychologists identified a number of principles that explain why certain visual features become grouped together to form perceptual wholes. 

Key stage in translating simple features into 3D descriptions of the world – essential for object recognition

Seeing Parts but not Wholes: Integrative Agnosia

Disorders in object recognition are called visual agnosia

Many different types of agnosia that can broadly be divided into disorders of perception (apperceptive agnosia) or meaning (associative agnosias) 

Integrative agnosia is a type of apperceptive agnosia in which grouping principles are disrupted

This prevents stored knowledge of objects being accessed, but does not prevent the patient from seeing basic visual elements (computed in stage 1)

 Disorders in object recognition are called

• Akinetopsia

• Achromatopsia

• Agnosia

• Optic Ataxia

Answer explanation

In the 1930s Gestalt psychologists identified a number of principles that explain why certain visual features become grouped together to form perceptual wholes. 

Key stage in translating simple features into 3D descriptions of the world – essential for object recognition

Seeing Parts but not Wholes: Integrative Agnosia

Disorders in object recognition are called visual agnosia

Many different types of agnosia that can broadly be divided into disorders of perception (apperceptive agnosia) or meaning (associative agnosias) 

Integrative agnosia is a type of apperceptive agnosia in which grouping principles are disrupted

This prevents stored knowledge of objects being accessed, but does not prevent the patient from seeing basic visual elements (computed in stage 1)

 Integrative agnosia is a type of _______ agnosia in which_________ disrupted

• Apperceptive agnosia

• Associative agnosia

• grouping principles are

• Optic Ataxia

• the ventral "what" stream is

Answer explanation

In the 1930s Gestalt psychologists identified a number of principles that explain why certain visual features become grouped together to form perceptual wholes. 

Key stage in translating simple features into 3D descriptions of the world – essential for object recognition

Seeing Parts but not Wholes: Integrative Agnosia

Disorders in object recognition are called visual agnosia

Many different types of agnosia that can broadly be divided into disorders of perception (apperceptive agnosia) or meaning (associative agnosias) 

Integrative agnosia is a type of apperceptive agnosia in which grouping principles are disrupted

This prevents stored knowledge of objects being accessed, but does not prevent the patient from seeing basic visual elements (computed in stage 1)