Biology Benchmark Review

What does the Lock and Key model explain?

• Enzyme activation process

• Substrate synthesis mechanism

• Enzyme-substrate interaction

• Enzyme denaturation

What are macromolecule group are enzymes part of?

• Proteins

• Lipids

• Carbohydrates

• Nucleic acids

Maintaining the right temperature is essential for optimal enzyme ___

Pepsin is an enzyme in your stomach that works best in an acidic environment. If you take an antacid it reduces the pH of your stomach. This will result in a ______ rate of reaction.

• slower
• increase

• have not impact on

• double

When an enzyme loses it shape loses its ability to function. What term best describes what has happened to the enzyme.

• A. The enzyme has been denatured

• B. The enzyme has been activated

• C. The enzyme has turned into the substrate

• D. The substrate maintains the active site.

What does osmosis specifically refer to?

• Movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane

• Movement of gases across a selectively permeable membrane

• Movement of large particles across a selectively permeable membrane

• Movement of ions across a selectively permeable membrane

What happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution?

• It swells

• It shrinks

• It stays the same size

• It bursts

What makes a solution hypertonic?

• There are less dissolved solutes inside of the cell than on the outside. This makes the concentration of water higher inside the cell than the outside

• There are more dissolved solutes inside of the cell than on the outside. This makes the concentration of water higher inside the cell than the outside

• There are more dissolved solutes inside of the cell than on the outside. This makes the concentration of water lower inside the cell than the outside

• There are less dissolved solutes inside of the cell than on the outside. This makes the concentration of water lower inside the cell than the outside

Passive transport is an important mechanism for the movement of molecules across the cell membrane without the use of ___

What is diffusion?

• Active transport

• Osmosis

• Facilitated diffusion

• Simple diffusion