A fluid mosaic model is used to describe the cell membrane and the membrane is a mosaic because it ______

contains membrane embedded proteins

contains phospholipids and cholesterol

protects the cell from bacteria or other pathogens

a subdivision of the extracellular fluid

a subdivision of the intracellular fluid

the fluid portion of the cytosol

the fluid surrounding the organelles

Which of the following changes would increase the amount of active hormone available?

increase in secretion and decrease in metabolism

increase in the amount of hormone bound to binding proteins

decrease in secretion and increase in metabolism

The electron transport chain produces ATP by which of the following

movement of H+ ions through the ATP synthase

movement of H+ ions through the inner mitochondrial membrane

delivery of NADH and FADH2 to the citric acid cycle

movement of fats from the cytosol to the mitochondria

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell membrane?

allow peptide hormones unlimited access to the intracellular space

primary location for hormone receptors

physical barrier: separate extracellular space from intracellular space

You need to supply your body with all the essential amino acids so you put peanut butter on toast since peanut butter alone is

not absorbed in the small intestine

a food with a high glycemic index

In order for cross bridges to form in contracting skeletal muscle, calcium must

bind to troponin which moves the tropomyosin

phosphorylate the tropomyosin which moves it

bind to tropomyosin which moves the troponin

bind to myosin to move the tropomyosin

As the force on a muscle fiber is increased

the fiber shortening velocity decreases

the fiber metabolic rate decreases

The force generated by a muscle is related to

the number of motor units recruited and the frequency of activation (rate coding) of those fibers

the cytosolic (Na+) of the active fibers

the number of actin-titin crossbridges

You accidentally got hit in the jugular vein with a curare tipped arrow. Which of the following is likely to occur at the neuromuscular junction?

Curare will bind to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and block the effects of acetylcholine

Norepinephrine will prevent the release of acetylcholine from alpha motoneurons

curare will prevent the release of acetylcholine from alpha motoneurons

curare will bind to muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and generate an IPSP

Which statements apply to the parasympathetic division of the nervous system?

it is dominant during "resting and digesting" and its ganglia are near their target organs

epinephrine is the primary neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic division

it is dominant during "resting and digesting"

Graded potentials may

depolarize the membrane to the threshold voltage

Which of the following would increase the conduction rate of action potentials down the axon?

release of an excitatory neurotransmitter

An excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)

depolarizes a neuron, increasing the likelihood of an action potential

depolarizes a neuron, decreasing the likelihood of an action potential

hyper polarizes a neuron, increasing the likelihood of an action potential

hyper polarizes a neuron, decreasing the likelihood of an action potential

Which is a characteristic of slow-twitch oxidative skeletal muscle fibers?

high endurance and a large number of mitochondria

used for sprinting at max speed

primarily use oxidative metabolism and few mitochondria

primarily use glycolic metabolism

The primary somatic sensory cortex

is the termination point for sensory input from the skin and viscera

directs the somatic motor division

provides involuntary control of breathing

The adrenal medulla is important to the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system because it

is considered a modified sympathetic ganglion and releases epinephrine directly into the blood

releases epinephrine and norepinephrine directly into the blood

is considered a modified parasympathetic ganglion

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the size principle of motor unit recruitment?

Slow motor units are recruited first

large, fast motor units are recruited first

small motor units are recruited during high intensity activities

all motor unites are recruited during activities requiring low effort (e.g. walking)

The function of the t-tubules is to

bring action potentials into the interior of the muscle fiber

provide elasticity to the sarcomere

The function of the titin protein is to

stabilize the position of myosin and provide elasticity

release calcium during contraction

cover the myosin binding site on the actin molecule

interact with actin during contraction and provide elasticity

According to the length tension relationship in muscle, the active force output of a muscle

is greatest when sarcomere length allows maximum actin-myosin head overlap (i.e. roughly at the resting length of the muscle)

is greatest when the muscle is stretched to twice its resting length

is not influenced by changes in muscle length

is greatest when the muscle is shortened to its shortest possible length

Calcium is important in the synapse because it

signals the exocytosis of the neurotransmitter

is necessary for acetylcholine synthesis

leaves the axon terminal hyper polarizing the cell

binds to receptors on the postsynaptic cell, opening ion channels, and triggering graded potentials

Huxley offered two observations that led to the sliding filament theory. Select the statement that summarizes one of his observations of muscle during shortening

the A band length did not change, but the I band decreased

the H zone expanded to a length equal to the length of the entire sacromere

the Z lines and the thin filaments were no longer attached

the length of the A band decreased

An important function of the cerebrospinal fluid is to

regulate the extracellular environment of the brain

regulate the number of Schwann cells in the brain

block glucose from entering the brain

increase brain weight by ~30 fold

block substances from crossing the choroid plexus

The resting membrane potential results from

higher membrane permeability to K+

higher membrane permeability to Cl-

A motor unit consists of

one alpha motoneuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates

one axon terminal branch and the myofibrils it controls

one skeletal muscle fibers and the neuron that innervates that fiber

one skeletal muscle fiber and all the alpha motoneurons that control the fiber

Which of the following would increase the amount of neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft?

blocking the enzymes that inactivate the neurotransmitter

blocking the release of neurotransmitter from presynaptic neuron

increasing neurotransmitter diffusion out of the synaptic cleft

returning more neurotransmitter to the presynaptic neuron for reuse

An individual was in a car accident and hit his head which caused damage to the frontal lobe regions and impacted his ability to plan movements. Which brain regions were damaged in the accident?

primary motor cortex and premotor cortex

primary somatosensory cortex and premotor cortex

primary associative cortex and basal ganglia

Physiology Practice Exam 1 (2023)

Authored by Shelby Ryan

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Wen comparing fused (complex) tetanus with unfused (incomplete) tetanus, which is

complete tetanus occurs at a lower frequency of stimulation than unfused tetanus

complete tetanus involves some relaxation between twitches

complete tetanus involves development of maximum tension

complete tetanus would occur when there is more time between twitch contractions

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

A stroke is due to the sudden lack of blood to a region of the brain resulting in sensory/motor impairments. An ischemic stroke is caused by:

reduced or restricted blood flow to regions of the brain

hemorrhage in the brain

bursting of blood vessels in the brain

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which of the following will increase the rate of a reaction in the human body?

low substrate concentration

pH much higher than the optimal range for that reaction

presence of an enzyme

body temperature over 108 degrees F

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

In the autonomic nervous system, postglanglionic sympathetic neurons secrete __ onto adrenergic receptors, and postganglionic parasympathetic neurons secrete _ onto muscarinic __ receptors

acetylcholine, acetylcholine, cholinergic

norepinephrine, acetylcholine, cholinergic

norepinephrine, acetylcholine, adrenergic

acetylcholine, norepinephrine, cholinergic

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The major steps of triglyceride breakdown (in order) to provide ATP are:

liposomes digest triglycerides transport into nucleus, keto--oxidation, citric acid cycle

lipases digest triglycerides, transport into mitochondria, beta-oxidation, glycolysis

lipases digest triglycerides, transport into mitochondria, beta-oxidation, citric acid cycle

proteases digest triglycerides, transport into mitochondria, beta-oxidation, citric acid cycle

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Synergism occurs when:

one hormone triggers the secretion of a second hormone

hormones working together produce a smaller effect than predicated

hormones working together produce a larger effect than predicted

a hormone can exert its full effects only in the presence of another hormone

one hormone inhibits the release of a second hormone

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The primary role of the citric acid cycle is to:

form NADH and FADH2 to transport electrons to the electron transport chain

form lactate

make ATP directly

make carbon dioxide

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Physiology Practice Exam 1 (2023)

Wen comparing fused (complex) tetanus with unfused (incomplete) tetanus, which is

A stroke is due to the sudden lack of blood to a region of the brain resulting in sensory/motor impairments. An ischemic stroke is caused by:

Which of the following will increase the rate of a reaction in the human body?

In the autonomic nervous system, postglanglionic sympathetic neurons secrete __ onto adrenergic receptors, and postganglionic parasympathetic neurons secrete _ onto muscarinic __ receptors

The major steps of triglyceride breakdown (in order) to provide ATP are:

Synergism occurs when:

The primary role of the citric acid cycle is to:

The estrogens are an example of a _ hormone and are transported in the blood bound to

A fluid mosaic model is used to describe the cell membrane and the membrane is a mosaic because it ______

The ATP generating pathway with the highest maximum power output requires which of the following

Access all questions and much more by creating a free account

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Popular Resources on Wayground

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Physiology Practice Exam 1 (2023)

Wen comparing fused (complex) tetanus with unfused (incomplete) tetanus, which is

A stroke is due to the sudden lack of blood to a region of the brain resulting in sensory/motor impairments. An ischemic stroke is caused by:

Which of the following will increase the rate of a reaction in the human body?

In the autonomic nervous system, postglanglionic sympathetic neurons secrete ____ onto adrenergic receptors, and postganglionic parasympathetic neurons secrete _____ onto muscarinic ____ receptors

The major steps of triglyceride breakdown (in order) to provide ATP are:

Synergism occurs when:

The primary role of the citric acid cycle is to:

The estrogens are an example of a _____ hormone and are transported in the blood bound to ____

A fluid mosaic model is used to describe the cell membrane and the membrane is a mosaic because it ______

The ATP generating pathway with the highest maximum power output requires which of the following

Access all questions and much more by creating a free account

Similar Resources on Wayground

Popular Resources on Wayground

Discover more resources for others

In the autonomic nervous system, postglanglionic sympathetic neurons secrete __ onto adrenergic receptors, and postganglionic parasympathetic neurons secrete _ onto muscarinic __ receptors

The estrogens are an example of a _ hormone and are transported in the blood bound to