R1: charts & graphs, type of research

Charts and Graphs should have: title,axis,label, footnote, references.

Characteristics of charts and graphs is to have a clear objective.

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Pie charts are used to numerical dara by describing the percentage distribution of the components.

The area of each slice is proportional to the relative share of each item.

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A line graph is used to present time series data that show changes in values over time.

A single graph cannot display multiple time series.

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Bar charts used to compare two or more numeric values from different sub-groups. It displays data as rectangular bars with length proportional to the values.

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Vertical bars are used when representing too many categories and each bar requires a long label. Stacked bar

charts are used to present values that have components.

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Stacked bar charts are used to show changes in total and component values over time. It is created by drawing bars which represent the values of each category

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Scatter plot is used for showing the changes in total and component values over time. It is created by lines to connect the values of component data series, then stack them one on top of the other.

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In scatter plot, there is a strong relationship between values in distribution if they appear close to the

diagonal line. This chart is used to show the data in geographical area and its spatial

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Maps are excellent way of displaying the distribution of data across geographical area. It also highlights the spatial relationship between objects and indicators.

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In choosing the right charts and graphs consider the following: for technical audiences charts and graphs may better represent data in visual form. For mixed audiences, it may be useful to present the data in both table and graph form

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