Ch. 14 Speciation Review

A mule is the sterile offspring of a horse and a donkey. This is an example of __________ infertility.

• 1. mechanical isolation

• 1. temporal isolation.

• 1. behavioral isolation.

• 1. hybrid inviability

• 1. hybrid infertility

Populations evolve and individuals adapt.

• True

• False

The definition of a biological species developed by Ernest Mayr that is still used today. a. organisms that can potentially interbreed and produce fertile offspring. b. organisms with the same number of chromosomes. c. individuals within a population. d. organisms that look alike.

• a. organisms that can potentially interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

• b. organisms with the same number of chromosomes.

• c. individuals within a population.

• d. organisms that look alike.

Classify the following in terms of their type of reproductive isolation.

Groups:

(a) Ecological Isolation

,

(b) Behavioral Isolation

,

(c) Mechanical Isolation

,

(d) Temporal Isolation

• 2 popluations have different mating season

• Mating rituals in general

• 2 groups within a population using separate mating rituals

• two populations are separated due to their habitat

• based on location or geography

• Incompatibility of mating organs

Islands provide ideal opportunities to study speciation because: a. They have small land areas that make it relatively easy to monitor their populations. b. Organisms cannot easily move off of islands. c. Few organisms can cross long distances across oceans to reach isolated islands. d. all of these are correct

• a. They have small land areas that make it relatively easy to monitor their populations.

• b. Organisms cannot easily move off of islands.

• c. Few organisms can cross long distances across oceans to reach isolated islands.

• d. all of these are correct

The process by which new species originate is called ​ (a)   . Speciation occurs in sexually reproducing organisms when members of a population can no longer produce fertile ​ (b)   with each other. Ecological isolation facilitates speciation by decreasing ​ (c)   .

• speciation
• germination
• extinction
• gene flow
• natural selection
• sexual selection
• offspring

Two types of fish live in a lake. They are extremely similar in size, shape, and body color so as to be indistinguishable. The two types eat slightly different size prey. To determine if they are different species a researcher should __________.

• 1. look for more physical differences

• 1. declare them different because of their diets

• 1. check to see if they interbreed successfully

• 1. look for more differences in their behaviors

When does speciation occur in sexually reproducing organisms?

• 1. when populations have a plentiful food source

• 1. when the weather is the most favorable for reproduction

• 1. when members of a population can no longer produce fertile offspring with each other

• 1. when organisms become separated from the main population

Which of the following populations is most likely to survive changing environmental conditions?

• a population of 50 individuals with low allelic diversity

• a population of 50 individuals with high allelic diversity

• a population of 1000 individuals with low allelic diversity

• a population of 1000 individuals with high allelic diversity

• allelic diversity does not matter, only the size of the population

During the building of the London subway system in the late 1800s, a species of aboveground-dwelling mosquito expanded its distribution to include the underground tunnels, where it successfully lived and bred. In the late 1990s, scientists comparing the two groups of mosquitoes discovered that they are now different species. The most likely mode of reproductive isolation for these two species is __________ .

• Ecological Isolation

• Behavioral Isolation

• Temporal Isolation

• Mechanical Isolation

• Gametic Isolation