The economic transformation of the U.S. in the 19th century created what kind of stark divides in society?

• wealth

• social standing

• economic opportunity

What percentage of the United States held more wealth than the rest of the population combined?

• Less than 1%

• Less than 5%

• Less than 10%

• Less than 15%

The __ refers to a period of time when underlying the glittering surface of material progress, there was a serious problem: massive inequality.

This period of unparalleled economic

growth also witnessed unprecedented ​ (a)   .

• urbanization
• agriculture
• financial freedom
• progress in civil rights

a legal entity created by individuals, stockholders, or shareholders in order to operate for profit

• laissez-faire

• corporation

• industrialists

• financier

To __ is to influence a politician or public official on an issue or piece of legislation; attempt to influence

By and large, Americans embraced __ principles that argued the economy should be allowed to operate with minimal government interference.

Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, J.P. Morgan, and Cornelius Vanderbilt were considered "captains of industry" in which of the following industries?

• steel

• railroad

• banking

• oil

By 1900, 40 percent of Americans lived in cities. About half of the new city dwellers were ​ (a)   .

• immigrants
• farmers
• freedmen
• frontiersmen

On the left is a photo, taken in 1889, that depicts three homeless boys sleeping over a heated vent on the bottom floor of a tenement; on the right, is a photo of Alva Vanderbilt at her costume ball which cost equivalent to $6 million today. What do you think about these two images in comparison to each other?