IT fundamentals Practice quiz 1

In SQL, which statements are used to grant or deny specific rights to user accounts over objects in the database?

• Data control language

• Data Definition language

• Data Manipulation Language

• Data Querylanguage

Answer explanation

DCL commands in SQL, such as GRANT and DENY, are used to control access rights for user accounts over objects in the database. They allow specific permissions to be granted or denied to users for performing actions on tables, columns, views, and the database itself. Data Query Language (DQL) is not a widely used term in SQL. While queries are an essential part of retrieving data, the term DQL is not commonly used to represent a specific category of commands related to granting or denying access rights. Data Definition Language (DDL) commands, such as CREATE and DROP, are used to define and manage the structure of a database, including creating tables, altering table structures, and defining constraints. DDL commands do not directly deal with granting or denying access rights to user accounts. Data Manipulation Language (DML) commands are used to manipulate data within a database, such as inserting, updating, or querying records. DML commands do not directly involve granting or denying specific rights to user accounts.

Which of the following methods of authentication involves something that the user has?

• Security questions

• Pin

• Hardware Token

• Biometrics

Answer explanation

Hardware tokens are physical devices used for authentication. They fall under the category of something the user possesses. Security questions are a type of knowledge-based authentication. They are categorized as something the user knows, not something the user possesses. A PIN (Personal Identification Number) is a knowledge factor used for authentication. It's categorized as something the user knows, not something the user possesses. Biometrics involve unique physical or behavioral attributes of a user, they are categorized as something the user is, not something the user possesses.

Which component(s) of a computer system are involved in graphics processing? (Select TWO).

• Power supply Unit (PSU)

• Radom access memory

• GPU

• Cooling System

• Hard disk drive

Answer explanation

he GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) is the correct answer. It is designed specifically for processing and rendering graphics, making it a crucial component for graphical tasks. The cooling system is responsible for dissipating heat generated by the GPU and other components during intensive graphical tasks, ensuring that the GPU can function efficiently. RAM is a type of volatile memory used by a computer system to temporarily store data that's being processed by the CPU. While it might store graphical data temporarily during processing, it does not perform the actual graphics processing. Instead, that task is primarily performed by the GPU and, to a lesser extent, the CPU. The Hard Disk Drive is the primary storage device in a computer, responsible for storing all data and files persistently, even when the power is turned off. However, it is not directly involved in graphics processing. Graphics processing is handled primarily by the CPU and the GPU, which perform computations and render images to be displayed on the screen. The Power Supply Unit provides the necessary power to all the components of the computer system, including the ones that perform graphics processing. However, the PSU itself doesn't participate in the graphics processing. It only provides the required power for the components to function effectively.

Which of the following interfaces would you use to connect a device to a network over a telephone line?

• USB

• RJ-45

• RJ-11

• Thunderbolt

Answer explanation

The RJ-11 connector is typically used to connect devices to networks over telephone lines, such as with DSL internet service. The RJ-45 connector is typically used for Ethernet networks, not for connecting devices to networks over telephone lines. While USB modems that use RJ-11 do exist, the RJ-11 connector itself is the interface used for telephone line connections. Thunderbolt is a high-speed interface used for data transfer and display connectivity, not for network connections over telephone lines.

In the context of object-oriented programming, what is a property of an object?

• A property is a contract between an object and its subclass

• A property is a specific action or function that the object can perform

• A property is the relationship two or more objects.

• A property is a characteristic or attribute to an object, used to hold date

Answer explanation

In object-oriented programming, properties (also known as attributes) are used to hold information or data for an object. They represent the object's state. Actions or functions that an object can perform are referred to as methods, not properties. The relationship between two or more objects isn't considered a property. This concept is more related to ideas like association, aggregation, and inheritance. A contract between an object and its subclasses is more related to concepts like interfaces or abstract classes, not properties.

How do document databases differ from traditional relational databases?

• Document Database only store text documents.

• Document Database cannot establish data relationships.

• Document Database store data in a semi-structured format allowing for flexibility in a date structure.

• Document Database are inherently slower

Answer explanation

Document databases, unlike traditional relational databases, are designed to store, retrieve, and manage document-oriented information, often in a semi-structured format like JSON. This design allows for more flexibility in data structure. Contrary to this, document databases can model relationships, albeit differently from relational databases, such as through nesting data within a single document. While the name might suggest it, document databases do not exclusively store text documents. They use a document-oriented model to manage more varied data types. Speed depends on various factors, not just the type of database. For certain types of data and queries, document databases can even be faster.

What does GPU stand for in the context of computer hardware?

• Gaming Process Unit

• General Process Unit

• Graphics Process Unit

• Graphical Performance Unit

Answer explanation

A GPU is a specialized electronic circuit that is designed to rapidly manipulate and alter memory to accelerate the creation of images in a frame buffer intended for output to a display device. It is specifically designed for handling complex calculations and rendering graphics. While GPUs are commonly used in gaming to render high-quality graphics, the term "Gaming Processing Unit" is not a standard or widely recognized term in computer hardware. Although it shares similar meanings to the correct answer, the commonly used term in the industry is Graphics Processing Unit. The general processing unit is not a common term used in computer hardware. The correct term is Central Processing Unit (CPU).

Assembly language is a type of programming language used in various computing contexts. Which of the following options BEST describes the characteristics of assembly language?

• Its a query language used mainly for managing Ana manipulating databases

• It is a low-level language closely related to machine code but readable by humans

• It is a high-level language used primarily for web development.

• It is an interpreted language with functionalities like scripting languages like python or Javasscript.

Answer explanation

Assembly language is a low-level programming language. It is alphanumeric, making it more readable by humans than raw machine code but still related closely enough to the machine code to offer direct control over the computer's hardware. High-level languages, like JavaScript, Python, or Ruby, provide a higher level of abstraction from the computer hardware and are usually easier to write and read. Assembly language, on the other hand, is lower-level and provides less abstraction, making it more difficult to write and read but providing a close relation to the hardware. Assembly language is not interpreted. It's compiled or assembled directly into machine code. Moreover, assembly language doesn't typically have high-level functionalities like Python or JavaScript. It involves working directly with the system's hardware. Query languages, like SQL, are used for manipulating and managing data in databases whereas assembly language is a low-level language used for direct interaction with a computer's hardware. They serve fundamentally different purposes in computing.

Mark is a data analyst at a health tech company. They've collected data on customers' physical activity levels and sleep quality. Mark's task is to understand if there's a relationship between these two variables. Which is the BEST approach Mark should use?

• Utilize data correlation to determine the statistical relationship between physical activity and sleep quality.

• remove any outlier in the data set before analyzing , as they couldn't distort the results.

• focus solely on the data about physical activity's its the most important factor.

• ignore the acquired data and ,are assumptions based on personal experience.

Answer explanation

Explanation

Data correlation analysis is the appropriate statistical task to understand the relationship between two or more variables. Ignoring data and basing conclusions on personal experience wouldn't be an effective or accurate analytical approach. While outliers can influence results, they shouldn't be removed without careful consideration. In some cases, these outliers can provide valuable insights. Ignoring sleep quality data would not provide insight into the relationship between these two variables.

John, a project manager at Dion Training, wants to terminate a resource-hungry application. Which of the following would BEST help achieve this?

• Memory Management

• Process Management/ Scheduling

• Access Control/Protection

• Disk Management

Answer explanation

Process management/scheduling is an operating system feature that handles application execution, allowing John to terminate a resource-intensive application. Memory management controls how system memory is assigned and used, but doesn't specifically allow for application termination. Access control/protection governs user rights and permissions, but it does not give the ability to terminate applications. Disk management handles how storage is allocated and used, not controlling running applications.