AP Bio: Module 31 and 32 Vocab

Gene Expression

• A short strand of DNA; in DNA replication, RNA is used a primer for DNA synthesis

• The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template

• The production of a functional gene product, such as a protein; the "turning on" of a gene.

• The synthesis of a polypeptide chain corresponding to the coding sequence present in a molecule of messenger RNA

Translation

• The synthesis of a polypeptide chain corresponding to the coding sequence present in a molecule of messenger RNA

• The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template.

• The various ways in which cells control gene expression

Transcription

• The site where the parental DNA strands separate as the DNA duplex unwinds.

• In bacteria, a small circular molecule of DNA carrying a small number of genes that replicates independently of the DNA in the bacterium's circular chromosome

• The various ways in which cells control gene expression

• The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template.

Plasmid

• In bacteria, a small circular molecule of DNA carrying a small number of genes that replicates independently of the DNA in the bacterium's circular chromosome

• The various ways in which cells control gene expression

• The process in which a DNA polymerase can immediately correct its own errors by exciting and replacing a mismatched base

Gene Regulation

• The various ways in which cells control gene expression

• The site where the parental DNA strands separate as the DNA duplex unwinds

• The mechanism of DNA replication in which each strand of a parental DNA molecule serves as a template for the synthesis of a new daughter strand

• A short strand of DNA; in DNA replication, RNA is used as a primer for DNA synthesis

Replication Fork

• An enzyme that joins two DNA fragments together

• The site where the parental DNA strands separate as the DNA duplex unwinds

• An enzyme that is a critical component of a large protein complex that carries out DNA replication

DNA Polymerase

• An enzyme that is a critical component of a large protein complex that carries out DNA replication

• An enzyme that relives stress on the DNA double helix that results from overwinding or underwinding during DNA replication and transcription

• An enzyme that joins two DNA fragments together

DNA Ligase

• The process in which a DNA polymerase can immediately correct its own errors by excising and replacing a mismatched base

• A short strand of DNA; in DNA replication, RNA is used as a primer for DNA synthesis

• The mechanism of DNA replication in which each strand of a parental DNA molecule serves as a template for the synthesis of a new daughter strand

• An enzyme that joins two DNA fragments together

Semiconservative Replication

• An enzyme that relives stress on the DNA double helix that results from overwinding or underwinding during DNA replication and transcription

• The mechanism of DNA replication in which each strand of a parental DNA molecule serves as a template for the synthesis of a new daughter strand

• A short strand of DNA; in DNA replication, RNA is used as a primer for DNA synthesis

• The process in which a DNA polymerase can immediately correct it's own errors by excising and misplacing a mismatched base

Primer

• A short strand of DNA; in DNA replication, RNA is used as a primer for DNA synthesis

• An enzyme that joins two DNA fragments together

• An enzyme that is a critical component of a large protein complex that carries out DNA replication