DNA Transcription and Translation Analysis

Analyze the potential impact of a mutation in the noncoding strand of DNA on the transcription process. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

• The mutation will directly alter the amino acid sequence of the protein.

• The mutation may affect the binding of transcription factors, altering mRNA levels.

• The mutation will have no effect since it is in the noncoding strand.

• The mutation will cause the ribosome to misread the mRNA.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Critique the regulation of transcription in eukaryotic cells by identifying a potential point of failure and its possible consequence.

• Failure in the splicing process leading to nonfunctional proteins.

• Malfunction of RNA polymerase causing incorrect mRNA synthesis.

• Incorrect folding of proteins due to chaperone malfunction.

• Failure in the initiation complex formation leading to reduced gene expression.

Design a model to explain how the structure of tRNA facilitates the binding of specific amino acids during translation. Which feature of tRNA is crucial for this function?

• The 5' cap structure.

• The anticodon loop that pairs with mRNA codons.

• The poly-A tail.

• The ribosomal binding site.

Evaluate the role of transcription factors in the regulation of gene expression. Which of the following statements best describes their function?

• Transcription factors are enzymes that synthesize mRNA.

• Transcription factors bind to DNA sequences to regulate the transcription of specific genes.

• Transcription factors are involved in the translation process.

• Transcription factors degrade mRNA after transcription.

Consider a scenario where a mutation occurs in the anticodon region of a tRNA molecule. What is the most likely effect on protein synthesis?

• The tRNA will be unable to bind to the ribosome.

• The tRNA will carry the wrong amino acid, potentially altering the protein sequence.

• The tRNA will be degraded immediately.

• The tRNA will cause premature termination of translation.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2