Nucleic Acids: DNA & RNA (AP Biology)

What are the building blocks of DNA?

• carbohydrates

• lipids

• proteins

• nucleotides

Describe the double helix structure of DNA.

• A straight line formed by a single strand of nucleotides

• A twisted ladder-like shape formed by two strands of nucleotides held together by hydrogen bonds.

• A circular shape formed by three strands of nucleotides

• A square shape formed by four strands of nucleotides

What are the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA?

• Thymine, Uracil, Cytosine, Adenine

• Adenine, Thymine, Uracil, Guanine

• Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine

• Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

Explain the role of DNA in protein synthesis.

• DNA provides the instructions for making proteins through the process of transcription and translation.

• DNA is not involved in protein synthesis

• Protein synthesis occurs without the involvement of DNA

• Proteins provide the instructions for making DNA

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

What is the primary function of RNA?

• Regulate gene expression by binding to specific proteins

• Carry out the instructions encoded in DNA for protein synthesis

• Store genetic information in the form of a double helix

• Facilitate the transfer of amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis

Differentiate between DNA and RNA structure.

• DNA is single-stranded with ribose sugar and uracil base, while RNA is double-stranded with deoxyribose sugar and thymine base.

• DNA is double-stranded with deoxyribose sugar and thymine base, while RNA is single-stranded with ribose sugar and uracil base.

• DNA and RNA have the same structure and composition.

• DNA is single-stranded with deoxyribose sugar and thymine base, while RNA is double-stranded with ribose sugar and uracil base.

What is the genetic code and how is it read?

• The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded in genetic material (DNA or RNA sequences) is translated into proteins. It is read by the ribosome in a process called translation.

• The genetic code is a secret message hidden in the DNA that only certain people can read

• The genetic code is a type of barcode that can be scanned to reveal genetic information

• The genetic code is a language spoken by cells to communicate with each other

Explain the process of transcription in protein synthesis.

• Protein binds to DNA and creates a complementary RNA strand.

• RNA polymerase binds to RNA and creates a complementary DNA strand.

• DNA polymerase binds to RNA and creates a complementary DNA strand.

• RNA polymerase binds to DNA and creates a complementary RNA strand.

What are the three types of RNA and their functions?

• mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA with their respective functions

• aRNA, bRNA, and cRNA with their respective functions

• xRNA, yRNA, and zRNA with their respective functions

• pRNA, qRNA, and sRNA with their respective functions

How does the genetic code determine the sequence of amino acids in a protein?

• The genetic code determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein through the process of transcription and translation.

• The sequence of amino acids in a protein is determined by the environment

• The sequence of amino acids in a protein is determined by random chance

• The genetic code is not involved in determining the sequence of amino acids in a protein

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1