Bio Ch 11.4 QUIZ

Circle each choice that correctly completes the sentences: 1. The zygote is described as ​ (a)   , because it is able to develop into any kind of cell in the body. Adult stem cells are referred to as ​ (b)   , because they can differentiate usually only into the cells of the tissues where they are found, whereas embryonic stem cells are ​ (c)   because they can develop into any of the body's cell types, although they cannot form the tissues surrounding the embryo.

• totipotent
• multipotent
• pluripotent
• omnipotent

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2. An embryo grows into a multicellular organism made of a wide variety of cell types. How does the variation in cell types occur?

• a. Each type of specialized cell produces another type in an ordered sequence.

• b. Muscle and connective tissue in the embryo produce the other types of specialized cells.

• c. Embryonic stem cells divide to produce all types of specialized cells.

• d. Embryonic stem cells divide to produce nerve cells, which produce all types of specialized cells.

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The diagram describes one of John Gurdon's experiments with frogs. Gurdon inserted the nucleus of a differentiated tadpole cell into an enucleated frog egg, meaning the nucleus was removed. The frog egg then developed into a normal frog embryo. Which conclusion is supported by these results?

• DNA in the nucleus of the egg cell controls all cell activities.

• DNA outside the nucleus of the egg cell controls some cell activities.

• Factors in the nucleus of the egg cell affect cell development.

• Factors in the cytoplasm of the egg cell affect cell development.

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During the development of a multicellular organism, which cells are totipotent?

• the fertilized egg and the cells produced by the first few cell divisions

• all cells of the blastocyst, which is a hollow ball of cells and an early embryonic stage

• the germ layers of later embryonic stages

• certain cells in the growing regions of the adult organism

In the human body, stem cells in the bone marrow produce a variety of blood cells. What process produces these cells?

• Differentiated cells divide to produce undifferentiated cells.

• Undifferentiated cells divide to produce differentiated cells.

• Specialized cells of one type divide to produce specialized cells of another type.

• Specialized cells of one type are genetically transformed into specialized cells of another type.

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Which is the most likely application of stem cell research?

• a cure for cancer, a disease in which cells divide rapidly and without proper control

• a treatment for viral infections, in which viruses invade cells

• a treatment for macular degeneration, in which cells of the eye are damaged or killed

• a cure for genetic disorders, which are inherited from either or both parents

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