Cultural Effects Model

What characterises the effects of cultural models on individuals over the long term?

• • a. Immediate and intense

• • b. Slow, cumulative, and integrated into cultural backgrounds

• • c. Short-lived but impactful

• • d. Isolated and rapid

According to cultural effects models, what is the primary role of the media in promoting and policing cultural values?

• • a. Entertainment

• • b. Social activism

• • c. Cultural institution

• • d. Political propaganda

How does the media exercise social control, according to cultural effects models?

• • a. Immediate and forceful

• • b. Gradual and cumulative

• • c. Through constant criticism

• • d. By promoting diversity

In the context of cultural effects models, what role does the media play as a socialising agency?

• • a. Encouraging dissent

• • b. Exercising social control

• • c. Promoting cultural diversity

• • d. Advocating for individual freedom

How do media representations influence individuals' beliefs about gender roles, according to the example provided?

• • a. By encouraging diversity

• • b. By promoting equality

• • c. Through the male gaze and objectification

• • d. By challenging stereotypes

According to Chandler (1995), what role does the media play in shaping beliefs about crime?

• • a. Immediate change

• • b. Gradual, long-term influence

• • c. Encouraging dissent

• • d. Promoting cultural diversity

Which of the following is NOT a technique mentioned in the range of media processes building up media effects?

• • a. Consistent promotion of particular ideas

• • b. Marginalization of dissenting views

• • c. Immediate acceptance of ideas

• • d. Repetition of ideas until taken for granted

What does Audience Reception Theory propose about the meanings and interpretations of media messages?

• • a. Singular and fixed

• • b. Intended only by the sender

• • c. Variable and multiple

• • d. Limited to the sender's perspective

According to Hall (1980), what are the three main ways a media message is read by an audience?

• • a. Immediate codes, gradual codes, and rapid codes

• • b. Dominant codes, subliminal codes, and oppositional codes

• c. Acceptance codes, rejection codes, and modification codes.

• • d. Hegemonic codes, negotiated codes, and oppositional codes

Which media process involves the media identifying and selecting ideas for public consideration?

• • a. Agenda setting

• • b. Framing

• • c. Encoding

• • d. Myth making