psychological theories of crime causation

According to psychodynamic theory, criminal behavior is the result of unresolved conflicts between which of the following?

• Ego and superego

• Id and ego

• Ego and unconscious processes

• Id and superego

Which psychological theory of crime causation focuses on how learned behaviors and reinforcement shape criminal behavior?

• Cognitive Theory

• Operant Conditioning

• Behavioral Theory

• Psychodynamic Theory

According to B.F. Skinner's operant conditioning, which type of reinforcement schedule is particularly effective in maintaining behavior over time?

• Variable ratio schedule

• Fixed ratio schedule

• Intermittent reinforcement

• Continuous reinforcement

Hans Eysenck's hierarchical model of personality includes which of the following dimensions?

• Extraversion-Introversion, Neuroticism-Stability, Psychoticism-Socialization

• Extraversion-Introversion, Neuroticism-Stability, Socialization-Individualism

• Extraversion-Introversion, Emotional Stability-Instability, Psychoticism-Socialization

• Extraversion-Introversion, Emotional Stability-Instability, Socialization-Individualism

Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development includes how many major stages?

• Two

• Five

• Three

• Four

According to Lawrence Kohlberg, at which stage of moral development do individuals recognize the importance of social contracts and uphold laws that are consistent with fundamental human rights and democratic principles?

• Stage 6

• Stage 1

• Stage 3

• Stage 5

What did B.F. Skinner develop to study animal behavior in controlled laboratory settings?

• Applied behavior analysis

• Operant conditioning chamber

• Skinner box

• Behavior modification techniques

According to psychodynamic theory, what are defense mechanisms used for?

• To cope with anxiety and psychological conflicts

• To maintain social order and authority

• To reinforce criminal behavior

• To modify existing schemas

What did Lawrence Kohlberg emphasize as driving moral development?

• Emotional stability

• Moral reasoning

• Social contracts

• Cultural factors

According to Piaget, what do children actively construct knowledge through?

• Reinforcement and punishment

• Socialization processes

• Assimilation and accommodation

• Cognitive processes