Middle East and European Influence: A Historical Overview

What was the Ottoman Empire's role in the Middle East in 1914?

• It was a small kingdom with little influence.

• It was a major empire controlling much of the Middle East.

• It was a European colony.

• It was an independent trading state with no territorial control.

How did British influence in the Middle East begin to increase around 1914?

• Through cultural exchanges and education.

• By supporting local rulers against the Ottoman Empire.

• Through direct military invasion.

• By establishing trade agreements only.

What was one of the main reasons European countries were interested in the Middle East?

• To promote peace and democracy.

• To access educational resources.

• To control trade routes and resources.

• To encourage tourism.

Which of the following was a consequence of European colonialism in the Middle East?

• Immediate economic prosperity for all Middle Eastern countries.

• The establishment of lasting peace in the region.

• The spread of European languages as official languages.

• Conflict and division within the region.

Why did the Ottoman Empire enter into conflict during this period?

• It was trying to expand its territory into Europe.

• It was defending its territory against European colonial ambitions.

• It was attempting to colonize neighboring European countries.

• It was unaffected by conflicts of the time.

Europeans created artificial borders in the Middle East causing conflict between ethnic and religious groups. How were Europeans able to partition the land?

• Europeans persecuted Jews through the Holocaust

• Europeans won land from the Ottoman Empire concluding WWI

• Jews were forced to leave by the Romans in the Diaspora

• Immigrants moved to Palestine after WWII

Palestine: __________ ; USSR: Russia

• Syria

• Iraq

• Jerusalem

• Israel

US is attacked on September 11th, 2001 US invades country harboring terrorists responsible for 9/11 US overthrows Taliban government

Which of the events is described in the list?

• Persian Gulf War

• Operation Iraqi Freedom

• Invasion of Afghanistan

• World War II

Why did the European Partitioning under the Sykes-Picot agreement cause conflict?

• Other European nations were upset they did not acquire more territory.

• The French disagreed with the British on which land to mandate.

• Countries were allowed to maintain wealth of natural resources.

• Europeans ignored historical and religious/ethnic borders.

Sunni & Shia conflict in Iraq and Syria

Kurdish nationalism

Israeli Jew & Palestinian Arab Conflict

Which THEME unites the items above?

• US Involvement in the Middle East

• Land & Religion conflicts in the Middle East

• Conflicts prior to WWI

• Anti-Semitism and the Holocaust