Cognitive Biases Quiz

What does the availability heuristic refer to?

• The tendency to overestimate the likelihood of events with greater "availability" in memory

• The ability to solve problems quickly based on past experiences

• The preference for familiar items or people over unfamiliar ones

• The tendency to underestimate the importance of current information

Optimism bias is best described as:

• The belief that we are less at risk of experiencing a negative event compared to others

• The tendency to remember positive events more than negative ones

• The inclination to believe that the future will be much better than the past and present

• The habit of overestimating one's own abilities

Which of the following is an example of pessimism bias?

• Believing that your favorite team will win the championship

• Overestimating the likelihood of negative outcomes

• Assuming that people have negative intentions without sufficient evidence

• Preferring products from your own country over those from abroad

Hindsight bias is the tendency to:

• Believe that one could have predicted the outcome of an event after it has happened

• Focus on information that confirms our preconceptions

• Attribute one's successes to personal factors and failures to external factors

• Judge a decision based on its outcome rather than how it was made

Ingroup bias refers to the tendency to:

• Favor members of one's own group over those of other groups

• Assume that future probabilities are influenced by past events, even when they are unconnected

• Overvalue the first piece of information we receive

• Resist changes and prefer the current state of affairs

Confirmation bias is the tendency to:

• Overlook or undervalue evidence that contradicts our beliefs or hypotheses

• Seek, interpret, and remember information that confirms our preconceptions

• Both A and B

• Neither A nor B

Which bias is most likely to make someone believe that bad things happen more frequently than they actually do?

• Availability heuristic

• Optimism bias

• Pessimism bias

• Hindsight bias

The belief that "I knew it all along" after learning the outcome of an event is an example of:

• Optimism bias

• Hindsight bias

• Confirmation bias

• Ingroup bias

Which bias could lead to favoritism in the workplace?

• Anchoring effect

• Status quo bias

• Ingroup bias

• Fundamental attribution error

A person who only watches news channels that align with their political beliefs is likely exhibiting:

• Optimism bias

• Confirmation bias

• Pessimism bias

• Availability heuristic