Advanced Higher Biology U3. KA2 c, d and e

What is the primary purpose of using a pilot study in sampling?

• To eliminate the need for sampling

• To identify all variables

• To increase the sample size

• To find the lowest effective sample size

Which sampling method involves selecting members of a population at regular intervals?

• Block sampling

• Systematic sampling

• Stratified sampling

• Random sampling

What does a narrow range of measured values suggest about variation within a population?

• High variation

• Unpredictable variation

• No variation

• Low variation

What type of data is described as subjective and descriptive?

• Ranked data

• Continuous data

• Qualitative data

• Quantitative data

How can the reliability of experimental equipment be determined?

• By guessing the equipment's accuracy

• By changing the equipment

• By measuring a single data point repeatedly

• By using the equipment once

What indicates a strong positive correlation in a graph?

• Variable B decreases as variable A increases

• Data points are far from the line of best fit

• There is no visible line of best fit

• Data points closely follow the line of best fit

What is the difference between correlation and causation?

• Correlation implies a direct cause-effect relationship

• Causation can be proven by correlation alone

• Correlation does not imply causation

• Causation is less significant than correlation

What is the significance of calibrating equipment prior to a large study?

• To ensure a sufficient level of accuracy and precision

• To reduce the sample size needed

• To make it look professional

• To ensure it is broken

What does stratified sampling help to ensure?

• That there is an equal number from each category

• That samples are taken at random

• That the sample size is minimized

• That all variables are controlled

What is the purpose of statistical tests in analyzing data?

• To increase the sample size

• To prove causation directly

• To produce an r-value indicating correlation strength

• To eliminate the need for graphs