Neuro Review 6

Frequency is the volume, or strength of a sound wave.

• True

• False

The inner ear...

• captures sound waves

• converts sound waves

• transmits sound waves

• all of the above

What is endolymph and where is it found?

• fluid that has low K+ concentration and high Na+ concentration, found in the scala tympani

• fluid that has high K+ concentration and low Na+ concentration, found in the scala vestibuli

• fluid that has high K+ concentration and low Na+ concentration, found in the cochlear duct

• fluid that has low K+ concentration and high Na+ concentration, found in the scala vestibuli and scala tympani

Which is true of the Organ of Corti? Select all that apply.

• Inner hair cells form three parallel lines that synapse on type I fibers

• Hair bundles project from the apical surface of each hair cell and contain multiple stereocilia

• Taller stereocilia bend in the tectorial membrane when it vibrates

• The outer hair cells tune the cochlea to certain sounds via top-down processing

Which step happens first in auditory transduction?

• Bending towards the tallest stereocilia causes the opening of non-specific cation channels

• Glutamate binds the receptor and causes postsynaptic membrane to depolarize

• Potassium rushes into the cell, causing the membrane to depolarize

• Calcium moves into the cell, causing the release of glutamate into the synaptic cleft

Choose the correct statement about tonotopical organization in the auditory system.

• High frequency sounds are encoded near the apex

• The tonotopical map is maintained throughout the auditory system

• Higher frequency sounds are encoded at the base

• Amplitude of the sound wave is encoded via frequency and population coding

What information is processed by both ears? Select all that apply.

• Processes pitch information

• Mapping sounds in the horizontal plane

• Processes volume information

• Localization of sound

True or false: Sensorineural hearing loss is damage to the peripheral elements of the system and can result in complete deafness or decreased hearing.

• True

• False

What is central deafness?

• Damage to the cochlea which causes decreased or complete hearing loss

• Secondary damage to central auditory pathways that alters the perception of sound

• Damage caused by an infection to the auditory canal

• Damage to tympanic membrane at the mid ear via an infection at the mid ear

You are tilting your head side to side in a dance class to stretch out your neck. Which axis are you rotating your head in?

• X-Axis (Roll)

• Y- Axis (Pitch)

• Z-Axis (Yaw)