NYS Living Environment Regents Review Quiz

Which organelle is responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP in a cell?

• Nucleus

• Ribosome

• Mitochondria

• Endoplasmic Reticulum

What is the process by which genetic information is copied from DNA to RNA called?

• Translation

• Transcription

• Replication

• Mitosis

In a food web, which trophic level provides energy for all other levels?

• Primary consumers

• Secondary consumers

• Tertiary consumers

• Producers

Which of the following best describes natural selection?

• The process by which individuals with inherited characteristics well-suited to the environment leave more offspring than do other individuals.

• The blending of traits from both parents to produce offspring.

• The alteration of DNA within an organism's cells.

• The ability of an organism to change its phenotype in response to changes in the environment.

What is the basic unit of structure and function in all living organisms?

• The molecule

• The cell

• The organ

• The tissue

Which of the following is a principle of the theory of evolution by natural selection?

• All species are fixed and unchanging over time.

• Individuals within a population exhibit variations, some of which are heritable.

• All organisms reproduce asexually.

• The environment does not influence the survival and reproduction of organisms.

What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

• It absorbs sunlight and converts it into chemical energy.

• It captures carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

• It releases oxygen into the atmosphere.

• It transports water from the roots to the leaves.

Which of the following is an example of a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in a single gene?

• Down syndrome

• Cystic fibrosis

• Cancer

• Heart disease

In an ecosystem, decomposers primarily function to:

• Capture sunlight and convert it into usable energy.

• Consume other organisms for energy.

• Break down dead organisms and waste, recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem.

• Produce oxygen through the process of photosynthesis.

What is the significance of meiosis in sexual reproduction?

• It produces genetically identical daughter cells.

• It results in the production of gametes with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.

• It ensures that offspring are clones of their parents.

• It doubles the chromosome number in each cell.