Amplify Traits and Reproduction

Any difference in traits between individual organisms is a ________?

• trait

• variation

• structure

• Heterozygous

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What do alleles do?

• make the proteins

• provide instructions for proteins

• give the organism its genes

• pass on the genes to the offspring

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How do different protein structures in cells determine traits?

• Different protein structures affect how they connect to other protein molecules.

• Different protein structures have no effect on connecting genes.

• Different protein structures can change the gene.

• Different protein structures provide instructions.

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Why do siblings and parents differ from each other?

• Siblings get different amounts of genes from their mother or father making them different.

• Each sibling has a mutation that causes them to have different traits.

• Siblings use their environment and experiences to determine their traits.

• Offspring inherit different combinations of gene versions from parents.

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How do gene versions determine different traits?

• An organism has two copies of a gene for each feature.

• Each parent randomly passes on one of its two copies of genes to its offspring.

• Each gene version provides a unique instruction to make a specific protein molecule in an organism’s cells.

• Traits vary between parents and offspring and among siblings.

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How does sexual reproduction result in a variation among offspring?

• Organisms usually inherit their traits from the parent that lives in the same environment.

• Each gene version provides a unique set of instructions to make a protein.

• Protein molecules interact with other protein molecules.

• Each parent randomly passes on one of its two copies of each gene to its offspring.

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A random change to a gene that sometimes results in a new trait is a ______.

• heterozygous

• feature

• variation

• mutation

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Bob is researching how tongue color is determined in giraffes. In Giraffe 1, the copies of the gene for tongue color are different from each other. In Giraffe 2, the copies of the gene are the same as each other. How does this affect how many types of proteins there are in each tongue cell?

• Giraffe 1 has one type of protein for tongue color. Giraffe 2 has one type of protein for tongue color.

• Giraffe 1 has two types of protein for tongue color. Giraffe 2 has one type of protein for tongue color.

• Giraffe 1 has two types of protein for tongue color. Giraffe 2 has two types of protein for tongue color.

• It is impossible to say anything about proteins from the given information.

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Three zebras have different parents. They all have the same proteins for stripe pattern in their cells. What can you say about the zebras' stripe patterns?

• They will have the same stripe patterns since all zebras have the same stripe patterns.

• They will have the same stripe patterns since their proteins for stripe pattern are the same so the proteins will connect in the same way.

• They will have different stripe patterns because even with the same proteins for stripe pattern, the proteins can connect in different ways.

• They will have different stripe patterns since only offspring from the same parents have the same stripe patterns.

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Two fruit flies have different parents. One fruit fly has white eyes while the other has red eyes. Why do the fruit flies have different eye colors?

• Each fruit fly has a different eye color because offspring from different parents will have different eye colors.

• Each fruit fly has a different eye color because they have different versions of the gene for eye color that connect together to make different eye colors.

• The fruit flies have different versions of the gene for eye color, which instruct for different proteins that connect in different ways to make different eye colors.

• The fruit flies have different versions of the gene for eye color, and the genes are different colors in each fruit fly’s eyes.

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