Protein in Home Economics Quiz

What are proteins and why are they essential in the human diet?

Answer explanation

Proteins are macronutrients made up of amino acids essential for growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues. They are crucial in the human diet for overall health and proper bodily functions.

Describe the structure of a protein molecule.

Answer explanation

A protein molecule is composed of amino acids linked together in a specific sequence, forming a complex three-dimensional structure that determines its function.

How many essential amino acids are there, and why are they termed "essential"?

Answer explanation

There are 9 essential amino acids that the body cannot produce on its own, hence they must be obtained through diet.

Explain the difference between complete and incomplete proteins.

Answer explanation

Complete proteins contain all essential amino acids, while incomplete proteins lack one or more essential amino acids.

Provide examples of complete and incomplete protein sources.

Answer explanation

Complete protein sources include meat, fish, eggs, and dairy, while incomplete protein sources include beans, nuts, seeds, and grains.

How does the body utilize proteins for growth and repair?

Answer explanation

The body utilizes proteins for growth and repair by breaking them down into amino acids, which are then used to build and repair tissues, muscles, and organs.

Discuss the concept of protein complementation and its importance in vegetarian diets.

Answer explanation

Protein complementation involves combining plant-based foods to create a complete protein source. It is important in vegetarian diets to ensure all essential amino acids are consumed.

What role do enzymes play in protein digestion?

Answer explanation

Enzymes break down proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids during protein digestion, facilitating the process of nutrient absorption in the body.

Outline the process of protein digestion, from ingestion to absorption.

Answer explanation

Proteins are broken down by enzymes in the stomach and small intestine. Amino acids are then absorbed into the bloodstream through the intestinal wall.

Explain the terms "amino acid pool" and "nitrogen balance."

Answer explanation

Amino acid pool refers to the total amount of amino acids available in the body for protein synthesis. Nitrogen balance is the difference between nitrogen intake and nitrogen excretion, indicating the body's protein status.