Topic 5.6.C AMSCO Reading Quiz

What was the main goal of the Tanzimat reforms in the Ottoman Empire?

• To increase the sultan's personal rule

• To establish religious courts for different communities

• To improve education and create a strong bureaucracy

• To maintain the feudal system and military power

How did Sultan Mahmud II reform the Ottoman system in the 19th century?

• By increasing the power of the Janissaries

• By abolishing the corps of Janissaries and developing a new artillery unit

• By reducing the authority of the central government

• By encouraging direct tax collection by military officers

Which of the following changes were part of the Tanzimat reforms in the Ottoman Empire?

• Promotion of religious courts

• Establishment of secular education

• Reinforcement of the feudal system

• Exclusion of foreign trade

What was the significance of the Hatt-i Humayun issued by the sultan in 1856?

• Declared equality for all men in education, government appointments, and justice

• Established separate legal courts for religious communities

• Promoted traditional values and practices

• Restricted reforms to Muslims only

How did the Tanzimat reforms impact women in the Ottoman Empire?

• Allowed women to serve in the army and professions

• Reduced women's rights and access to education

• Provided women with more inheritance rights under shariah

• Excluded women from all legal reforms

How many Armenians were estimated to have been killed during the Hamidian massacres in the late 19th century?

• 50,000

• 100,000 to 250,000

• 500,000

• 1 million

In what century did the Tanzimat reforms in the Ottoman Empire take place?

• 17th century

• 18th century

• 19th century

• 20th century

What was the major reform effort of the late 19th century in the Qing Dynasty?

• The Cultural Revolution

• The Boxer Rebellion

• The Self-Strengthening Movement

• The Great Leap Forward

Which foreign powers assisted China's reform efforts during the Self-Strengthening Movement?

• Spanish and Portuguese

• French and British

• German and Russian

• Italian and Dutch

What did the Self-Strengthening Movement in the Qing Dynasty primarily focus on improving?

• Education system

• Military

• Agriculture

• Foreign relations