Big Idea 4: Computer Systems and Networks

Which of the following best explains how messages are typically transmitted over the Internet?

• The message is broken into packets that are transmitted in a specified order. Each packet must be received in the order it was sent for the message to be correctly reassembled by the recipient’s device.

• The message is broken into packets. The packets can be received in any order and still be reassembled by the recipient’s device.

• • The message is broken into two packets. One packet contains the data to be transmitted and the other packet contains metadata for routing the data to the recipient’s device.

• The message is transmitted as a single file and received in whole by the recipient’s device.

Which of the following is a primary reason for the use of open protocols on the Internet?

• Open protocols allow devices to specify how data packets are to be routed on the Internet in advance.

• Open protocols ensure that all data transmission on the Internet is kept secure.

• Open protocols ensure that all Internet users are provided connections with equal bandwidth.

• Open protocols provide a way to standardize data transmission between different devices.

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the World Wide Web and the Internet?

• The World Wide Web is a protocol that is accessed using a data stream called the Internet.

• The World Wide Web is a system of linked pages, programs, and files that is accessed using a data stream called the Internet.

• The World Wide Web is a system of linked pages, programs, and files that is accessed via a network called the Internet.

• The World Wide Web is a Web site that is accessed using a protocol called the Internet.

The following figure represents a network of physically linked devices labeled P through S. A line between two devices indicates a connection. Devices can communicate only through the connections shown.

Which of the following statements best explains the ability of the network to provide fault tolerance?

• The network is considered fault-tolerant because there are redundant paths between each pair of devices.

• The network is considered fault-tolerant because it guarantees that no individual component will fail.

• The network is not considered fault-tolerant because it relies on physical connections.

• The network is not considered fault-tolerant because it provides more paths than are needed.

Which of the following best explains how fault tolerance in a network is achieved?

• By providing high-bandwidth connections between devices, enabling data packets to be transmitted as quickly as possible

• By providing multiple paths between devices, enabling routing to occur even in the presence of a failed component

• By providing open network protocols, ensuring that all devices on the network are interacting in a standard way

• By providing software to monitor all network traffic, ensuring that data packets are sent and received in the proper order

Which of the following best explains how the Internet is a fault-tolerant system?

• The Internet is fault-tolerant because cybercriminals can conceal their actions, allowing them the ability to carry out faulty actions without leaving a trace.

• The Internet is fault-tolerant because there are usually multiple paths between devices, allowing messages to sometimes be sent even when parts of the network fail.

• The Internet is fault-tolerant because users can transmit messages using a variety of different protocols, allowing them to use devices from any manufacturer.

• The Internet is fault-tolerant because users usually understand and accept the fact that servers sometimes fail, allowing network engineers to repair faulty devices as quickly as possible.

The Internet is fault-tolerant because users usually understand and accept the fact that servers sometimes fail, allowing network engineers to repair faulty devices as quickly as possible.

• If one component of the system fails, users of the system can often still access it.

• If one component of the system is hacked, no information will be stolen.

• If the system becomes too expensive, making it fault-tolerant will save money.

• If the system cannot operate efficiently, making it fault-tolerant will speed up its operation.

The figure below represents a network of physically linked devices, labeled A through F. A line between two devices indicates a connection. Devices can communicate only through the connections shown.

Which of the following statements are true about the ability for devices A and C to communicate?

Select two answers.

• If devices B and D were to fail, then information sent from device A could not reach device C.

• If devices B and F were to fail, then information sent from device A could not reach device C.

• If devices D and F were to fail, then information sent from device A could not reach device C.

• If devices E and F were to fail, then information sent from device A could not reach device C.

The figure below represents a network of physically linked devices, labeled A through H. A line between two devices indicates a connection. Devices can communicate only through the connections shown.

What is the minimum number of connections that would need to be removed from the network in order for device A to not be able to communicate with device F?

• 2

• 3

• 4

• 5

Which of the following best describes the ability of parallel computing solutions to improve efficiency?

• Any problem that can be solved sequentially can be solved using a parallel solution in approximately half the time.

• Any solution can be broken down into smaller and smaller parallel portions, making the improvement in efficiency theoretically limitless as long as there are enough processors available.

• The efficiency of parallel computing solutions is rarely improved over the efficiency of sequential computing solutions.

• The efficiency of a solution that can be broken down into parallel portions is still limited by a sequential portion.