School segregation violates the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment - overturned Plessy v. Ferguson’s separate but equal doctrine

• McDonald v. Chicago (2010)

• Baker v. Carr (1961)

• Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)

•  Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

14th Amendment & Equal Protection Clause

•  Brown v. Board of Education (1954) Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

• McDonald v. Chicago (2010)

• Baker v. Carr (1961)

• Shaw v. Reno (1993)

The 2nd amendment prevents states from limiting gun ownership for self-protection, incorporated to the states

• McDonald v. Chicago (2010)

• Citizen United v. Federal Election Commission (2010)

• Engel v. Vitale (1962)

the due process clause of the 14th amendment and 2nd amendment Selective Incorporation

• McDonald v. Chicago (2010)

• McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

• Marbury v. Madison (1803)

 established “one person one vote” doctrine “

• the political thicket” (i.e. the political question and the role of the SCOTUS) 

• gerrymandering (though this is secondary) “one man, one vote”

• Baker v. Carr (1961)

• Citizen United v. Federal Election Commission (2010)

• Shaw v. Reno (1993)

the equal protection clause in the 14th amendment

• Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)

• Baker v. Carr (1961)

• Shaw v. Reno (1993)

 PROHIBITS states from racial gerrymandering, Section V of the Voting Rights Act (pre-clearance clause) 

• racial gerrymandering vs. communities of interest majority-minority district

• Shaw v. Reno (1993)

• Baker v. Carr (1961)

• Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

Political spending by corporations and organizations cannot be limited by government

• Citizen United v. Federal Election Commission (2010)

• Engel v. Vitale (1962)

• Tinker v. Des Moines School District (1969)

• New York Times v. United States (1971)

protected speech under the 1st amendment

• McDonald v. Chicago (2010)

•  Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

• Citizen United v. Federal Election Commission (2010)

School sponsorship of religious activities HINT: Praying

• Engel v. Vitale (1962)

• Tinker v. Des Moines School District (1969)

• Schenk v. US (1919)