Quarter 3 Science Benchmark

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Marc notices that when he looks at the stars at night, some appear to be brighter than others. Which three factors affect how bright a star appears to an observer on Earth?

• A.    the star's color, size, and distance from Earth

• B.    the star's energy, size, and temperature

• C.    the star's size, temperature, and distance from Earth

• D.    the star's movement, distance from Earth, and gravity

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SC.5.E.5.1 Our Galaxy

Which of the following is true of the Sun?

 

• A.    The Sun is the closest star to Earth.

• B.    The Sun is the largest star in the Milky Way.

• C.    The Sun is the largest planet in our Solar System.

• D.    The Sun is an example of a galaxy that gives off light energy.

SC.5.E.5.1 Our Galaxy

Which of the following consists of gas, dust, and many stars?

 

• A.    the Earth's atmosphere

• B.    a galaxy

• C.    a solar system

• D.    the Sun

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Brandon has learned that many stars are larger than the Sun. If this is true, why do these stars appear like points of light in the sky?

• A.    These stars are hotter than the Sun.

• B.    These stars have less mass than the Sun.

• C.    These stars are farther away from Earth than the Sun is.

• D.    These stars are made of different chemicals than the Sun.

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There are lots of objects in our solar system, but only eight of them are planets. What do all planets have in common?

• A.    They are all made of rock or ice.

• B.    They all have rings or moons as satellites.

• C.    They are all nearly round and orbit the Sun.

• D.    They all rotate on an axis and orbit the Earth.

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Which answer describes how the inner planets are similar to each other?

 

• A.    They are all the same size.

• B.    They all have solid surfaces.

• C.    They all have at least one moon.

• D.    They all have a thick atmosphere.

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Which of the inner planets listed below is closest to the Sun?

• A.    Earth

• B.    Mars

• C.    Mercury

• D.    Venus

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When comets come close to the Sun they develop a tail that glows so we can see it from Earth. Asteroids do not develop tails like this. In what other way are asteroids different from comets?

 

• A.    Asteroids orbit planets while comets orbit the Sun.

• B.    Asteroids are rocky while comets are balls of ice and dust.

• C.    Asteroids orbit outside of the Solar System while comets do not.

• D.    Asteroids are smooth and round while comets are lumpy shapes.

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Which of these is a result of the Earth’s revolution around the Sun?

 

• A.    The apparent motion of the Sun in the sky

• B.    The appearance of different star patterns during different seasons

• C.    The phases of the moon

• D.    Day and night

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Brittani concludes that the Earth rotates from west to east in a 24-hour cycle. Which evidence allows Brittani to make this conclusion?

• A.    The moon changes phases in a 28 day cycle

• B.    The seasons change in a 365 day cycle

• C.    The Sun rises in the east every morning

• D.    The star patterns in the sky are different during different seasons.