Notecard Set #3 Practice

What is the cell cycle?

• The process by which a cell dies

• The continuous process in which cells grow, make copies of their chromosomes and divide to form daughter cells

• The division of a cell nucleus into four nuclei

• The reduction of chromosome number by half during cell division

What happens during mitosis?

• The cell divides into four new cells

• The number of chromosomes is reduced by half

• The nucleus divides into two nuclei, ensuring that each new cell receives a complete set of chromosomes

• Chromosomes pair up with their homologous partners

What is meiosis?

• A process that doubles the number of chromosomes

• Cell division that results in identical daughter cells

• Cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes by half; gametes are produced during this process

• The exchange of genetic material between non-homologous chromosomes

What are homologous chromosomes?

• Chromosomes that are different in size and genetic material

• Single-stranded chromosomes found in prokaryotes

• Paired chromosomes similar in size, shape, and genetic material

• Chromosomes that are involved in crossing over

What is crossing over?

• The process where the cell cycle is completed

• The division of the cell nucleus into two nuclei

• The process where part of a chromatid breaks off and switches position with chromatid on homologous chromosome

• The separation of sister chromatids during cell division

What is evolution?

• The rapid change in the characteristics of a species over a short period

• The process by which organisms selectively breed to produce offspring with desired traits

• The slow change in the characteristics of a species over time

• The development of new species from pre-existing species

Which of the following is a trend in Hominid evolution?

• Decreased brain size

• Bipedalism

• Loss of opposable thumbs

• Development of fur

Which of the following is NOT a condition required for natural selection?

• There is a natural heritable variation

• More individuals are born than can survive

• Individuals with beneficial adaptations have a higher rate of survival

• All individuals have an equal chance of survival

What does genetic drift refer to?

• The process by which organisms best suited to their environment survive and reproduce

• The movement of genes from one population to another

• A group of closely related species

• A random change in allele frequency

What is gene flow?

• A random change in allele frequency

• The movement of genes from one population to another

• The process by which organisms best suited to their environment survive and reproduce

• A group of closely related species