US History 2 Pre-Test

How did World War II change the employment situation for women?

• The wartime standard of "equal pay for equal work" meant that women earned the same as men who did the same work.
• The number of young women in the workforce increased because they could do heavy wartime work, but older women were pushed out of the workforce.
• More women were able to find jobs in manufacturing and other fields not traditionally considered to be women's work.
• Women were needed on the home front so they were less likely to work once married.

“In time of war, our ordinary ideas of what we will consume and how we are able to spend our money must be set aside. The usual peace time activities of the country must be subordinated to a single huge job—the carrying on of a war which calls upon us for our utmost in resources and effort. The job of every consumer, therefore, in this period of war is to change his consumption and his spending of money in such a way as to help carry on the war in every way possible, and to release productive capacity of every sort for defense effort, and at the same time keep up the health and morale of himself and his family.” — Suggestions to county committees of consumer interests What is the purpose of this passage?

• to encourage Americans to work in the defense industries
• to encourage Americans to grow their own food in victory gardens
• to encourage Americans to buy war bonds to support the war effort
• to encourage Americans to cooperate with the rationing of goods

What were the effects of the U.S. policies that limited the rights of Americans and immigrants of Japanese, Italian, and German descent?

• They were forced to work in the war industries making Allied weapons.
• They were forced to register as enemy aliens or were put in internment camps.
• They were forced to leave the United States and return to their home countries.
• They were forced to make donations to the war effort.

What is the most likely reason President Truman and Soviet leader Joseph Stalin are smiling in this image of the two at the Potsdam Conference in 1945?

• U.S.-Soviet relations were good, and Truman and Stalin agreed on Stalin's actions in Eastern Europe.
• The United States and the Soviet Union had put the Pacific Campaign on hold and agreed on how to end the war in Europe.
• The Allied Powers had defeated Germany, and even though they had disagreements, the leaders hoped to project an image of unity.
• The Soviet Union supported elections in occupied Eastern Europe, and Truman looked forward to a closer relationship with the Soviet Union.

Why did the U.S. presence in Guam and the Philippines prior to the war create tension between Japan and the United States?

• U.S. presence in the region jeopardized Japan's access to important natural resources.
• U.S. presence in the region kept Japan from having Guam and the Philippines as trading partners.
• U.S. presence in the region led Japan to fear an attack on Japan from Guam or the Philippines.
• U.S. presence in the region threatened Japan's ability to establish itself as the most powerful nation in the region.

In this map, the areas in green show the countries

• affected by the Marshall Plan.
• that belonged to the Warsaw Pact.
• where anti-communist revolts took place.
• that the Soviet Union absorbed.

According to this information, what was a long-term effect of the Korean War on U.S. political decision making?

• The United States' defense budget continued to rise steadily.
• Later military actions were undertaken without congressional approval.
• More Americans were listed as missing in action than killed in action.
• American civilian casualties outweighed military casualties in later wars overseas.

Americans built structures like the one pictured here because they were

• concerned about domestic terrorism in the 1950s.
• planning the launch of an American satellite into space.
• afraid of a potential nuclear attack during the Cold War.
• preparing for a Chinese attack during the Korean War.

“The truth of the matter is that Europe’s requirements for the next 3 or 4 years of foreign food and other essential products—principally from America—are so much greater than her present ability to pay that she must have substantial additional help, or face economic, social, and political deterioration of a very grave character.“ The remedy lies in breaking the vicious circle and restoring the confidence of the European people in the economic future of their own countries and of Europe as a whole. The manufacturer and the farmer throughout wide areas must be able and willing to exchange their products for currencies the continuing value of which is not open to question." — George C. Marshall, Harvard University, June 5, 1947

The text above outlines the basis for the:

• Eisenhower Doctrine
• Cold War
• Berlin Airlift
• Marshall Plan

As the postwar U.S. economy put technology to use in many new ways, workers’ ______ also improved, which meant that consumer goods were manufactured more quickly.

• education
• productivity
• union membership
• consumption