What year did the first recorded use of fingerprints as a method of identification take place?

• 1858

• 1901

• 1870

• 1892

Who is known as the "Father of Modern Criminology"?

• Sigmund Freud

• Cesare Lombroso

• Jeremy Bentham

• John Locke

The "Magna Carta," a cornerstone in the development of criminal justice systems, was signed in what year?

• 1066

• 1215

• 1492

• 1776

Which amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits excessive bail, excessive fines, and cruel and unusual punishments?

• First Amendment

• Fourth Amendment

• Eighth Amendment

• Tenth Amendment

The "Rehabilitation Model" of criminal justice primarily focuses on which of the following?

• Punishing the offender

• Deterring future crimes

• Rehabilitating the offender

• Protecting society

What is the name of the international tribunal established to prosecute serious violations of international humanitarian law committed in the territory of the former Yugoslavia since 1991?

• International Criminal Court (ICC)

• International Court of Justice (ICJ)

• International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR)

• International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY)

In what year was the "Three Strikes" law first implemented in the United States, mandating life sentences for offenders convicted of three or more serious criminal offenses?

• 1984

• 1993

• 1994

• 2001

Which legal document, signed in 1215, has been foundational in the development of modern legal systems and is often cited as an early form of the concept of due process?

• The Code of Hammurabi

• The Magna Carta

• The Declaration of Independence

• The Constitution of the United States

The "Broken Windows Theory" suggests that visible signs of crime, anti-social behavior, and civil disorder create an urban environment that encourages further crime and disorder, including serious crimes. Who are the two social scientists credited with introducing this theory?

• James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling

• Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham

• Emile Durkheim and Max Weber

• Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels

What principle, first articulated by Sir Robert Peel, is considered a foundation of modern policing, emphasizing that "the police are the public and the public are the police"?

• The Principle of Legality

• The Principle of Equality

• The Peelian Principles

• The Principle of Justice